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<p>Recently, distributed ledgers have gained popularity as an ultimate solution to ensure transaction undeniability. Unfortunately, it turns out that distributed ledger technology is a&#xa0;double-edged sword. In this paper, we show that it might be possible to use a ledger to leverage a&#xa0;parallel “dark” system for data authorization. More specifically, a signer may hide footprints of “darknet signatures” in ledger records of fully innocent data. The key point is that only a party holding the trapdoor can verify the existence of darknet signatures: to an uninvolved user, these data records look innocent and, due to cryptographic guarantees, cannot witness any illicit activity.To demonstrate the potential of this threat, we present a few constructions based on popular digital signature schemes. As these constructions are easy to implement, they should serve as a warning about possible misuse of a distributed ledger for activities possibly unrelated to the original purpose of the ledger. We show one example: creating an illegal betting platform.</p>

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Darknet signatures: public ledgers and a threat of illegal betting platforms

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月4日

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  • Mirosław Kutyłowski,
  • Anna Lauks-Dutka,
  • Przemysław Błaśkiewicz

摘要

Recently, distributed ledgers have gained popularity as an ultimate solution to ensure transaction undeniability. Unfortunately, it turns out that distributed ledger technology is a double-edged sword. In this paper, we show that it might be possible to use a ledger to leverage a parallel “dark” system for data authorization. More specifically, a signer may hide footprints of “darknet signatures” in ledger records of fully innocent data. The key point is that only a party holding the trapdoor can verify the existence of darknet signatures: to an uninvolved user, these data records look innocent and, due to cryptographic guarantees, cannot witness any illicit activity.To demonstrate the potential of this threat, we present a few constructions based on popular digital signature schemes. As these constructions are easy to implement, they should serve as a warning about possible misuse of a distributed ledger for activities possibly unrelated to the original purpose of the ledger. We show one example: creating an illegal betting platform.