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<p>The Phytoplankton Index of Biotic Integrity (Phyto-IBI) is a multi-metric index designed to simplify extensive datasets into a single dimensionless value that could assess ecosystem health. The Seven Lakes provide a range of ecosystem services that benefit various stakeholders. However, these lakes are continually disturbed by anthropogenic activities. This research aimed to apply the Phyto-IBI approach to evaluate ecosystem health using phytoplankton. In addition, this would assess the current trophic condition of the lakes using the Trophic State Index (TSI) and determine its relationship with the resulting Phyto-IBI. Lastly, the study would assess the seasonality of indices among the Seven Lakes. The trophic state index (TSI) was calculated using regression analysis of the parameters (phosphorus, nitrogen, chlorophyll a, and Secchi transparency). The Phyto-IBI was developed using 30 ecological phytoplankton indices among five categories: density, diversity, evenness, dominance, and biomass. The Cumulative_R2 and correlation index were calculated to determine the crucial indices for the final Phyto-IBI. To determine the relationships among the resulting Phyto-IBI, TSI, and environmental variables, linear regression and redundancy analysis were used. K-means clustering was utilized to cluster the lakes based on the resulting index scores. The use of Phyto-IBI and TSI showed that aquaculture lakes (Bunot, Calibato, Palakpakin, and Sampaloc) had lower scores than ecotourism lakes (Mohicap, Pandin, and Yambo). In addition, seasonal variation in both Phyto-IBI and TSI indicates that the dry season had lower index values than the wet season. This study proposes a tiered monitoring framework: TSI serves as a cost-effective screening tool for frequent nutrient risk assessment, while Phyto-IBI provides a complementary biological perspective to validate actual ecological degradation. The local government may establish regulations and make informed resource management decisions based on this dual-index approach to prioritize both pollution mitigation and biodiversity protection.</p>

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Evaluating ecosystem health of the Seven Maar Lakes of San Pablo City, Philippines using phytoplankton index of biotic integrity (Phyto-IBI)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月27日

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  • John Vincent R. Pleto,
  • Mayzonee V. Ligaray,
  • Francis S. Magbanua

摘要

The Phytoplankton Index of Biotic Integrity (Phyto-IBI) is a multi-metric index designed to simplify extensive datasets into a single dimensionless value that could assess ecosystem health. The Seven Lakes provide a range of ecosystem services that benefit various stakeholders. However, these lakes are continually disturbed by anthropogenic activities. This research aimed to apply the Phyto-IBI approach to evaluate ecosystem health using phytoplankton. In addition, this would assess the current trophic condition of the lakes using the Trophic State Index (TSI) and determine its relationship with the resulting Phyto-IBI. Lastly, the study would assess the seasonality of indices among the Seven Lakes. The trophic state index (TSI) was calculated using regression analysis of the parameters (phosphorus, nitrogen, chlorophyll a, and Secchi transparency). The Phyto-IBI was developed using 30 ecological phytoplankton indices among five categories: density, diversity, evenness, dominance, and biomass. The Cumulative_R2 and correlation index were calculated to determine the crucial indices for the final Phyto-IBI. To determine the relationships among the resulting Phyto-IBI, TSI, and environmental variables, linear regression and redundancy analysis were used. K-means clustering was utilized to cluster the lakes based on the resulting index scores. The use of Phyto-IBI and TSI showed that aquaculture lakes (Bunot, Calibato, Palakpakin, and Sampaloc) had lower scores than ecotourism lakes (Mohicap, Pandin, and Yambo). In addition, seasonal variation in both Phyto-IBI and TSI indicates that the dry season had lower index values than the wet season. This study proposes a tiered monitoring framework: TSI serves as a cost-effective screening tool for frequent nutrient risk assessment, while Phyto-IBI provides a complementary biological perspective to validate actual ecological degradation. The local government may establish regulations and make informed resource management decisions based on this dual-index approach to prioritize both pollution mitigation and biodiversity protection.