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<p>The nutrient-rich and polluted Lake Alalay was dried, partially dredged, and refilled with fresh water during 2023 and 2024. This study aimed to describe microbiome changes and physicochemical conditions in Lake Alalay during 2023 and early 2024 under the applied experimental conditions. Metagenomes of urban lakes from Sweden and Lake Alalay that were previously obtained were used as references. We found that as the lake desiccated, nutrients concentrated, increasing the relative abundance of Metazoa, primarily Rotifera, and Cyanobacteriota. However, freshwater replenishment reduced these organisms’ abundance. Pseudomonadota became the dominant phylum, likely due to water alkalinity, nutrient availability, and reduced cyanobacterial populations. Potential human pathogens were found. In Lake Alalay, pathogens related to sewage contamination and capable of enduring harsh conditions were abundant. Additionally, antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) linked to glycopeptide resistance were prevalent in the metagenome, microbial isolates, and assembled genomes of Lake Alalay, alongside genes for resistance to other antibiotics. Moreover, various viral genomes in the Bolivian lake contained ARGs. The protein sequences of beta-lactamases in the viruses were not closely related to those found in known pathogenic bacteria. Both chemical and biological pollution persist in Lake Alalay. Future remediation should limit contaminated water inflows and implement suitable water treatments to prevent the spread of pathogens and ARGs.</p>

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Studies on the microbiome of a hypereutrophic lake while drying and after a partial dredging process

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月28日

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  • Jorge Quillaguamán,
  • María Romero-Jaldín,
  • Álvaro Mercado-Guzmán

摘要

The nutrient-rich and polluted Lake Alalay was dried, partially dredged, and refilled with fresh water during 2023 and 2024. This study aimed to describe microbiome changes and physicochemical conditions in Lake Alalay during 2023 and early 2024 under the applied experimental conditions. Metagenomes of urban lakes from Sweden and Lake Alalay that were previously obtained were used as references. We found that as the lake desiccated, nutrients concentrated, increasing the relative abundance of Metazoa, primarily Rotifera, and Cyanobacteriota. However, freshwater replenishment reduced these organisms’ abundance. Pseudomonadota became the dominant phylum, likely due to water alkalinity, nutrient availability, and reduced cyanobacterial populations. Potential human pathogens were found. In Lake Alalay, pathogens related to sewage contamination and capable of enduring harsh conditions were abundant. Additionally, antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) linked to glycopeptide resistance were prevalent in the metagenome, microbial isolates, and assembled genomes of Lake Alalay, alongside genes for resistance to other antibiotics. Moreover, various viral genomes in the Bolivian lake contained ARGs. The protein sequences of beta-lactamases in the viruses were not closely related to those found in known pathogenic bacteria. Both chemical and biological pollution persist in Lake Alalay. Future remediation should limit contaminated water inflows and implement suitable water treatments to prevent the spread of pathogens and ARGs.