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<p>Heavy metal contamination is a well-known issue that has gained wide scientific attention around the globe because of the persistent, non-biodegradable, and toxic nature of these metals, especially lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and chromium. Notably, anthropogenic activities such as industrial effluents, dumping of electronic e-waste, and incineration are major entry points of heavy metals in different ecosystem compartments. Primarily, water, and soil are highly affected by heavy metal contamination and are the epitome of heavy metal translocation from the lower trophic groups to higher trophic groups of food chains. Compared to terrestrial fauna, aquatic species are more susceptible to heavy metal toxicity. Furthermore, the detrimental effects of heavy metals are well known. Many regulatory bodies such as U.S. EPA has set the permissible limit of heavy metals including As (0.05&#xa0;mg/L), Cr (0.05&#xa0;mg/L), Cd (0.005&#xa0;mg/L), Hg (0.002&#xa0;mg/L), Ni (0.1&#xa0;mg/L), Cu (1.3&#xa0;mg/L), Se (0.05&#xa0;mg/L), Pb (0.05&#xa0;mg/L) and Fe (0.3&#xa0;mg/L) in water, soil and food matrices. Nonetheless, fish dominate as an aquatic animal and are a major part of the food chain. The presence of heavy metals in different fishes above the accepted limit is an alarming situation that may be amenable not only to their biomagnification but also to the extinction of some fish species. There is a critical need to impede the overuse of heavy metals in industrial applications and the development of more advanced approaches for the remediation of heavy metals and setting up of new rules and regulations.</p>

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Heavy metal bioaccumulation in fish: emerging trends and associated health implications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月30日

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  • Nisha Bisht,
  • Samar Dhiman,
  • Hemant Veer Jain,
  • Nasreen G. Ansari,
  • Deepali Rana,
  • Dhyal Singh

摘要

Heavy metal contamination is a well-known issue that has gained wide scientific attention around the globe because of the persistent, non-biodegradable, and toxic nature of these metals, especially lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and chromium. Notably, anthropogenic activities such as industrial effluents, dumping of electronic e-waste, and incineration are major entry points of heavy metals in different ecosystem compartments. Primarily, water, and soil are highly affected by heavy metal contamination and are the epitome of heavy metal translocation from the lower trophic groups to higher trophic groups of food chains. Compared to terrestrial fauna, aquatic species are more susceptible to heavy metal toxicity. Furthermore, the detrimental effects of heavy metals are well known. Many regulatory bodies such as U.S. EPA has set the permissible limit of heavy metals including As (0.05 mg/L), Cr (0.05 mg/L), Cd (0.005 mg/L), Hg (0.002 mg/L), Ni (0.1 mg/L), Cu (1.3 mg/L), Se (0.05 mg/L), Pb (0.05 mg/L) and Fe (0.3 mg/L) in water, soil and food matrices. Nonetheless, fish dominate as an aquatic animal and are a major part of the food chain. The presence of heavy metals in different fishes above the accepted limit is an alarming situation that may be amenable not only to their biomagnification but also to the extinction of some fish species. There is a critical need to impede the overuse of heavy metals in industrial applications and the development of more advanced approaches for the remediation of heavy metals and setting up of new rules and regulations.