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<p>Mesocarnivores often engage in interspecific interactions due to overlapping habitats and resource use, which can influence behavioural decisions toward novel stimuli. We investigated species-specific responses to a novel resource in Japanese raccoon dogs (<i>Nyctereutes procyonoides</i>), Japanese badgers (<i>Meles anakuma</i>), and invasive raccoons (<i>Procyon lotor</i>) in Japan. An artificial wire-mesh aisle with a bait tray was installed, and the test area was divided into three phases: surrounding (Phase 1), entrance (Phase 2), and interior (Phase 3). Behaviour was quantified using principal component analysis (PCA) and generalized linear models (GLMs). In Phase 1, PC1 (motionless and exploration) and PC2 (vigilant approach) explained &gt; 80% of the variance, with species-specific differences observed. In Phase 2, the major PCs also explained over 80% of the variance, although species differences were limited. In Phase 3, feeding-related and vigilance-related behaviours contributed to behavioural variation among species. Interspecific encounters were occasionally observed during the study. Overall, the results indicate that the three mesocarnivore species exhibit different behavioural tendencies toward a novel resource, highlighting the utility of semi-natural field experiments for assessing behavioural responses under natural conditions.</p>

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A field-based approach to understand the response to novel resource in sympatric mesocarnivores

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • Ryoko Koizumi,
  • Tomohiko Endo,
  • Toru Koizumi

摘要

Mesocarnivores often engage in interspecific interactions due to overlapping habitats and resource use, which can influence behavioural decisions toward novel stimuli. We investigated species-specific responses to a novel resource in Japanese raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides), Japanese badgers (Meles anakuma), and invasive raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Japan. An artificial wire-mesh aisle with a bait tray was installed, and the test area was divided into three phases: surrounding (Phase 1), entrance (Phase 2), and interior (Phase 3). Behaviour was quantified using principal component analysis (PCA) and generalized linear models (GLMs). In Phase 1, PC1 (motionless and exploration) and PC2 (vigilant approach) explained > 80% of the variance, with species-specific differences observed. In Phase 2, the major PCs also explained over 80% of the variance, although species differences were limited. In Phase 3, feeding-related and vigilance-related behaviours contributed to behavioural variation among species. Interspecific encounters were occasionally observed during the study. Overall, the results indicate that the three mesocarnivore species exhibit different behavioural tendencies toward a novel resource, highlighting the utility of semi-natural field experiments for assessing behavioural responses under natural conditions.