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<p>Recent advances in in-situ characterization, such as hyperspectral imaging, have enabled rapid estimation of the chemical properties of municipal solid waste (MSW) for differentiated downstream utilization. However, post-identification sorting still relies mainly on robotic systems, which are costly and difficult to scale for continuous mixed-waste streams. In this study, a sorting algorithm driven mechanical device with S-shaped baffle array was developed for post-identification sorting of municipal solid waste. Orthogonal experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of waste shape (tetrahedron, hexahedron, and cylinder), mass (30–110&#xa0;g), and conveyor speed (0.1–0.3&#xa0;m·s⁻¹) on sorting accuracy. The results showed that moderate mass (70–90&#xa0;g) and conveyor speed (0.15–0.25&#xa0;m·s⁻¹) improved sorting performance, and tetrahedral samples achieved the highest accuracy of 93.33% because of more effective interactions with the baffles. The overall sorting accuracy ranged from 40.00% to 93.33%. This study demonstrates the feasibility of transforming discrete pick-and-place operations into a continuous ordered sorting process using a simple mechanical structure. However, the system has only been validated using simulated municipal solid waste particles, and its applicability to real heterogeneous MSW streams still requires further verification.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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A sorting algorithm driven mechanical device for post-identification sorting of municipal solid waste: robustness against shape, mass, and speed variations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月24日

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  • Guanyi Chen,
  • Xianjia Jiang,
  • Rui Liang,
  • Xiaoling Hao,
  • Haotian Wu,
  • Beibei Yan,
  • Zhanjun Cheng,
  • Junyu Tao

摘要

Recent advances in in-situ characterization, such as hyperspectral imaging, have enabled rapid estimation of the chemical properties of municipal solid waste (MSW) for differentiated downstream utilization. However, post-identification sorting still relies mainly on robotic systems, which are costly and difficult to scale for continuous mixed-waste streams. In this study, a sorting algorithm driven mechanical device with S-shaped baffle array was developed for post-identification sorting of municipal solid waste. Orthogonal experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of waste shape (tetrahedron, hexahedron, and cylinder), mass (30–110 g), and conveyor speed (0.1–0.3 m·s⁻¹) on sorting accuracy. The results showed that moderate mass (70–90 g) and conveyor speed (0.15–0.25 m·s⁻¹) improved sorting performance, and tetrahedral samples achieved the highest accuracy of 93.33% because of more effective interactions with the baffles. The overall sorting accuracy ranged from 40.00% to 93.33%. This study demonstrates the feasibility of transforming discrete pick-and-place operations into a continuous ordered sorting process using a simple mechanical structure. However, the system has only been validated using simulated municipal solid waste particles, and its applicability to real heterogeneous MSW streams still requires further verification.

Graphical abstract