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<p>Macro marine debris, which is marine debris of 2.5–100&#xa0;cm in size composed of different materials including plastics (‘macrodebris’), has become a widespread issue across the Southeast Asia and Pacific regions, causing disproportionate impacts on small island communities dependent on ocean economy. This article reviews the distribution of macrodebris abundance along the shorelines of these regions, highlighting the comparison between small islands and mainlands. The composition of macrodebris varies across locations, but plastics emerge as the dominating material in most shorelines. Research efforts in quantifying macrodebris on small islands and mainland are relatively equal, and that there is no significant difference between macrodebris abundance on small islands and mainlands (t-test, <i>p</i> = 0.403), despite the former’s smaller areas, less populations, and remote locations. Factors affecting macrodebris distribution include ecosystem types, wind and oceanographic transport and nearby anthropogenic activities. One of the primary drivers of macrodebris prevalence in the coastal and marine environment is land-based sources of mismanaged waste, positioning solid waste management improvement as one of the priority actions to combat macrodebris. Several shortcomings were noted in the policy, technical, financial, institutional, and social aspects of solid waste management, some of which stem from the remote nature and small scale of small islands. Nevertheless, exemplary solid waste management practices have emerged from small islands across the two regions, underlining that a holistic strategy that integrates coherent policies, strengthened local financial and technical capacities has the potential for overcoming the unique challenges of solid waste management improvement on small islands.</p>

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A review of macro marine debris abundance and waste management practices on small islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Aulia Salsabella Suwarno,
  • Aulia Ulfatunnisa,
  • Michikazu Kojima,
  • Reo Kawamura,
  • Fusanori Iwasaki

摘要

Macro marine debris, which is marine debris of 2.5–100 cm in size composed of different materials including plastics (‘macrodebris’), has become a widespread issue across the Southeast Asia and Pacific regions, causing disproportionate impacts on small island communities dependent on ocean economy. This article reviews the distribution of macrodebris abundance along the shorelines of these regions, highlighting the comparison between small islands and mainlands. The composition of macrodebris varies across locations, but plastics emerge as the dominating material in most shorelines. Research efforts in quantifying macrodebris on small islands and mainland are relatively equal, and that there is no significant difference between macrodebris abundance on small islands and mainlands (t-test, p = 0.403), despite the former’s smaller areas, less populations, and remote locations. Factors affecting macrodebris distribution include ecosystem types, wind and oceanographic transport and nearby anthropogenic activities. One of the primary drivers of macrodebris prevalence in the coastal and marine environment is land-based sources of mismanaged waste, positioning solid waste management improvement as one of the priority actions to combat macrodebris. Several shortcomings were noted in the policy, technical, financial, institutional, and social aspects of solid waste management, some of which stem from the remote nature and small scale of small islands. Nevertheless, exemplary solid waste management practices have emerged from small islands across the two regions, underlining that a holistic strategy that integrates coherent policies, strengthened local financial and technical capacities has the potential for overcoming the unique challenges of solid waste management improvement on small islands.