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<p>This study aimed to address plastic pollution by evaluating the production of paving blocks made from recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Post-consumer PET bottles were collected from a recycling center in Cirebon City. Bungowonto River sand was oven-dried at 110&#xa0;°C and sieved through a #40 mesh to obtain fine aggregate. For mechanical and durability testing, molten PET and sand were blended at ratios of 29:71 and 27:73 (PET: FA) and molded into paving blocks. The results indicate that the 27:73 PET-to-sand mixture exhibited the highest compressive strength, zero water absorption, and stable performance after exposure to burning temperatures of up to 200&#xa0;°C. Higher plastic content was associated with structural collapse, indicating that excessive PET negatively affects mechanical integrity. Consequently, the optimal balance between strength and sustainability was achieved at the 27:73 ratio. The paving blocks demonstrated good durability and thermal stability; however, the manufacturing process required substantial energy input, potentially contributing to global warming and aquatic toxicity. Improvements in heating efficiency, modification of polymer composition, or the use of superplasticizers and other additives could reduce environmental burdens. This research supports the principles of a circular economy by demonstrating the feasibility of producing paving blocks from recycled PET.</p>

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Sustainability and performance of recycled polyethylene terephthalate paving blocks: a life cycle assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月14日

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  • Mochamad Arief Budihardjo,
  • Muhammad Junaid Iqbal,
  • Annisa Sila Puspita,
  • Bimastyaji Surya Ramadan,
  • Amin Chegenizadeh,
  • Aprianto Tyas Dwi Nugroho

摘要

This study aimed to address plastic pollution by evaluating the production of paving blocks made from recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Post-consumer PET bottles were collected from a recycling center in Cirebon City. Bungowonto River sand was oven-dried at 110 °C and sieved through a #40 mesh to obtain fine aggregate. For mechanical and durability testing, molten PET and sand were blended at ratios of 29:71 and 27:73 (PET: FA) and molded into paving blocks. The results indicate that the 27:73 PET-to-sand mixture exhibited the highest compressive strength, zero water absorption, and stable performance after exposure to burning temperatures of up to 200 °C. Higher plastic content was associated with structural collapse, indicating that excessive PET negatively affects mechanical integrity. Consequently, the optimal balance between strength and sustainability was achieved at the 27:73 ratio. The paving blocks demonstrated good durability and thermal stability; however, the manufacturing process required substantial energy input, potentially contributing to global warming and aquatic toxicity. Improvements in heating efficiency, modification of polymer composition, or the use of superplasticizers and other additives could reduce environmental burdens. This research supports the principles of a circular economy by demonstrating the feasibility of producing paving blocks from recycled PET.