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<p>Cigarette butts are a special type of domestic waste that contain various toxicants. However, little is known about analytical chemistry and contamination status of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cigarette butt filters (CBFs) during different stages of their life cycle. We investigated and proposed an efficient analytical method for determining PAHs in CBF samples. The CBFs were dissolved with acetone, followed by extraction with hexane, and subjected to silica gel cleanup before GC-MS quantification. The analytical method showed high accuracy (recovery 60% to 114%, RSD &lt; 20%), low matrix effect factors (within ± 20%), and adequate detection limits (0.10–10 ng/g). Real CBF samples (<i>n</i> = 45) at different life cycle stages, including unsmoked, freshly smoked, littered, and weathered CBFs, were analyzed. PAHs were detected in all the samples at total levels ranging from 260 to 28,000 (median 6300) ng/g. Concentrations and profiles of PAHs varied significantly between the sample categories, revealing the accumulation and migration processes of these pollutants in CBFs. Fluorene was the most typical indicator of smoking-derived PAHs, followed by naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene, and anthracene. Benzo[a]pyrene was major high-molecular-weight compound. Further investigations should be performed to characterize contamination levels and environmental impacts of CB-derived toxicants.</p>

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Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarette butt filters: development of efficient analytical method to characterize contamination profiles and environmental fate

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月30日

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  • Thi Quynh Hoa Nguyen,
  • Viet Thuy Nguyen,
  • Quoc Huy Bui,
  • Thanh Huy Le,
  • Thi Anh Huong Nguyen,
  • Huy Duong Nguyen,
  • Le Thuy Hien Nguyen,
  • Anh Quoc Hoang

摘要

Cigarette butts are a special type of domestic waste that contain various toxicants. However, little is known about analytical chemistry and contamination status of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cigarette butt filters (CBFs) during different stages of their life cycle. We investigated and proposed an efficient analytical method for determining PAHs in CBF samples. The CBFs were dissolved with acetone, followed by extraction with hexane, and subjected to silica gel cleanup before GC-MS quantification. The analytical method showed high accuracy (recovery 60% to 114%, RSD < 20%), low matrix effect factors (within ± 20%), and adequate detection limits (0.10–10 ng/g). Real CBF samples (n = 45) at different life cycle stages, including unsmoked, freshly smoked, littered, and weathered CBFs, were analyzed. PAHs were detected in all the samples at total levels ranging from 260 to 28,000 (median 6300) ng/g. Concentrations and profiles of PAHs varied significantly between the sample categories, revealing the accumulation and migration processes of these pollutants in CBFs. Fluorene was the most typical indicator of smoking-derived PAHs, followed by naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene, and anthracene. Benzo[a]pyrene was major high-molecular-weight compound. Further investigations should be performed to characterize contamination levels and environmental impacts of CB-derived toxicants.