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<p>The geopolymer method, as an important treatment method for heavy metal pollution in lead-zinc smelting slag, has advantages such as being green and efficient. However, it still faces problems such as poor solidification and stabilization efficiency and insufficient long-term stability. Therefore, this thesis proposes to introduce biomass to prepare a smelting slag-biochar composite geopolymer (SBGP) to achieve the solidification and stabilization of heavy metals in lead-zinc smelting slag. Through factor optimization, it is determined that the optimal process conditions for the solidification and stabilization of SBGP are: 60% lead-zinc smelting slag (LZSS), 40% copper slag (CS), 1% biochar (BC), 5% alkali activator (NaOH), and a curing time of 28 days. The maximum compressive strength of the smelting slag-biochar composite geopolymer reaches 18.11&#xa0;MPa, and the heavy metal stabilization rates of Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ after 28 days are 96.58% and 93.83% respectively. Mechanism analysis reveals that the geopolymer physically encapsulates heavy metal ions, and the functional groups provided by biochar complex with heavy metal ions. The purpose of solidifying and stabilizing heavy metal ions is achieved through the synergy of “physical encapsulation-chemical adsorption”.</p>

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Construction of smelting Slag-Biochar composite Geopolymer for the solidification and stabilization of Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ in Lead-Zinc smelting slag

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月30日

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  • Yijie Tang,
  • Jin Yan,
  • Hanjing Yv,
  • Xueyan Hui,
  • Jiahan Qi,
  • Chenchen Li,
  • Qi Meng,
  • Peng Dong

摘要

The geopolymer method, as an important treatment method for heavy metal pollution in lead-zinc smelting slag, has advantages such as being green and efficient. However, it still faces problems such as poor solidification and stabilization efficiency and insufficient long-term stability. Therefore, this thesis proposes to introduce biomass to prepare a smelting slag-biochar composite geopolymer (SBGP) to achieve the solidification and stabilization of heavy metals in lead-zinc smelting slag. Through factor optimization, it is determined that the optimal process conditions for the solidification and stabilization of SBGP are: 60% lead-zinc smelting slag (LZSS), 40% copper slag (CS), 1% biochar (BC), 5% alkali activator (NaOH), and a curing time of 28 days. The maximum compressive strength of the smelting slag-biochar composite geopolymer reaches 18.11 MPa, and the heavy metal stabilization rates of Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ after 28 days are 96.58% and 93.83% respectively. Mechanism analysis reveals that the geopolymer physically encapsulates heavy metal ions, and the functional groups provided by biochar complex with heavy metal ions. The purpose of solidifying and stabilizing heavy metal ions is achieved through the synergy of “physical encapsulation-chemical adsorption”.