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<p>The growing accumulation of lignocellulosic biomass from agriculture, food, and medicinal industries poses a significant environmental challenge but also represents a promising resource for sustainable bioproducts. Fungi have emerged as potent biological agents for biomass valorisation 1due to their robust enzymatic systems that degrade complex lignocellulosic structures. This review explores the mechanisms and types of fungal enzymes, cellulases, hemicellulases, and ligninases involved in biomass utilisation. It highlights major challenges in enzymatic hydrolysis, particularly the structural recalcitrance posed by lignin and cellulose crystallinity. Recent advances such as CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing, protein engineering, nanotechnology, enzyme immobilisation, and AI-guided optimisation are discussed as transformative tools for enhancing enzyme efficiency and production. By integrating molecular biology, synthetic biology, and computational approaches, fungal-based enzymatic hydrolysis is rapidly advancing toward industrial scalability, offering eco-friendly solutions for biofuel production, waste valorisation, and biorefinery applications.</p>

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Bio-digital technologies for lignocellulose biomass utilisation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • Rahul Singh,
  • Saurabh Jyoti Sarma,
  • Anil Kanaujia

摘要

The growing accumulation of lignocellulosic biomass from agriculture, food, and medicinal industries poses a significant environmental challenge but also represents a promising resource for sustainable bioproducts. Fungi have emerged as potent biological agents for biomass valorisation 1due to their robust enzymatic systems that degrade complex lignocellulosic structures. This review explores the mechanisms and types of fungal enzymes, cellulases, hemicellulases, and ligninases involved in biomass utilisation. It highlights major challenges in enzymatic hydrolysis, particularly the structural recalcitrance posed by lignin and cellulose crystallinity. Recent advances such as CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing, protein engineering, nanotechnology, enzyme immobilisation, and AI-guided optimisation are discussed as transformative tools for enhancing enzyme efficiency and production. By integrating molecular biology, synthetic biology, and computational approaches, fungal-based enzymatic hydrolysis is rapidly advancing toward industrial scalability, offering eco-friendly solutions for biofuel production, waste valorisation, and biorefinery applications.