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<p>The management of arsenic-rich industrial residues remains a major environmental challenge due to the high toxicity and mobility of arsenic species. This study investigates the stabilization/solidification (S/S) of arsenic-bearing sulfide tailings generated from the effluent treatment plants (ETP) of the Sarcheshmeh copper complex (Iran). Considering industrial constraints and the availability of construction-grade materials, a cement-based S/S formulation was developed to minimize arsenic leachability while maintaining adequate mechanical performance. The mixture design was initially screened through exploratory tests and subsequently optimized by systematic variation of raw material proportions. TCLP results showed that the optimal formulation-containing 5 wt% tailings, 10 wt% gypsum, 15 wt% sodium silicate, 40 wt% cement, and 30 wt% sand-reduced arsenic leaching from 722&#xa0;mg·L⁻¹ in untreated tailings to approximately 3&#xa0;mg·L⁻¹, meeting regulatory limits. XRD analysis indicated that, under controlled alkalinity and tailings content, the formation of ettringite and C–S–H phases provided both adequate mechanical strength and reduced arsenic release. The solidified matrix exhibited compressive strength exceeding 5&#xa0;MPa, suitable for non-structural construction applications. Application of a waterproof resin coating further reduced short-term arsenic release. Overall, the results demonstrate that an industry-oriented cement-based S/S approach offers a practical and cost-effective solution for managing arsenic-bearing ETP tailings.</p>

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Evaluation and optimization of cement-based stabilization/solidification for arsenic-containing sulfide tailings

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月8日

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  • Samaneh Kamali,
  • Esmaeel Darezereshki

摘要

The management of arsenic-rich industrial residues remains a major environmental challenge due to the high toxicity and mobility of arsenic species. This study investigates the stabilization/solidification (S/S) of arsenic-bearing sulfide tailings generated from the effluent treatment plants (ETP) of the Sarcheshmeh copper complex (Iran). Considering industrial constraints and the availability of construction-grade materials, a cement-based S/S formulation was developed to minimize arsenic leachability while maintaining adequate mechanical performance. The mixture design was initially screened through exploratory tests and subsequently optimized by systematic variation of raw material proportions. TCLP results showed that the optimal formulation-containing 5 wt% tailings, 10 wt% gypsum, 15 wt% sodium silicate, 40 wt% cement, and 30 wt% sand-reduced arsenic leaching from 722 mg·L⁻¹ in untreated tailings to approximately 3 mg·L⁻¹, meeting regulatory limits. XRD analysis indicated that, under controlled alkalinity and tailings content, the formation of ettringite and C–S–H phases provided both adequate mechanical strength and reduced arsenic release. The solidified matrix exhibited compressive strength exceeding 5 MPa, suitable for non-structural construction applications. Application of a waterproof resin coating further reduced short-term arsenic release. Overall, the results demonstrate that an industry-oriented cement-based S/S approach offers a practical and cost-effective solution for managing arsenic-bearing ETP tailings.