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<p>Electric field-assisted anaerobic digestion (EFAD) has emerged as a promising approach for enhancing methane production from recalcitrant carbon-rich substrates; however, the role of electrolyte conductivity in regulating EFAD performance remains poorly understood. In this study, lignite methanogenesis was systematically investigated in EFAD reactors operated under a conductivity gradient of 1–20 mS/cm at a constant electric field strength. Methane production kinetics, electrochemical characteristics, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) transformation were jointly analyzed to elucidate conductivity-dependent effects. The results demonstrate that an intermediate conductivity of approximately 10 mS/cm maximized methane yield (136.4 mL/g lignite), methane content (66.7%), and energy efficiency, whereas both insufficient and excessive conductivity led to reduced performance. Electrochemical impedance and spectroscopic analyses reveal that moderate conductivity establishes a favorable electrochemical microenvironment by lowering solution and charge transfer resistances and promoting the conversion of recalcitrant lignite-derived organics into bioavailable DOM fractions. These findings identify electrolyte conductivity as a key operational lever for optimizing EFAD performance and provide mechanistic and practical insights for the design of efficient anaerobic digestion for sustainable methane production from low-rank coals.</p>

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Electric field-assisted methanogenesis of lignite: conductivity-controlled mechanisms and performance optimization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月2日

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  • Hao Zi,
  • Yong Zhao,
  • Jing Li,
  • Qing Feng,
  • Yingkun Zhang,
  • Letian Xu,
  • Chengwei Sun,
  • Shaojie Yang,
  • Xinjian Zhang

摘要

Electric field-assisted anaerobic digestion (EFAD) has emerged as a promising approach for enhancing methane production from recalcitrant carbon-rich substrates; however, the role of electrolyte conductivity in regulating EFAD performance remains poorly understood. In this study, lignite methanogenesis was systematically investigated in EFAD reactors operated under a conductivity gradient of 1–20 mS/cm at a constant electric field strength. Methane production kinetics, electrochemical characteristics, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) transformation were jointly analyzed to elucidate conductivity-dependent effects. The results demonstrate that an intermediate conductivity of approximately 10 mS/cm maximized methane yield (136.4 mL/g lignite), methane content (66.7%), and energy efficiency, whereas both insufficient and excessive conductivity led to reduced performance. Electrochemical impedance and spectroscopic analyses reveal that moderate conductivity establishes a favorable electrochemical microenvironment by lowering solution and charge transfer resistances and promoting the conversion of recalcitrant lignite-derived organics into bioavailable DOM fractions. These findings identify electrolyte conductivity as a key operational lever for optimizing EFAD performance and provide mechanistic and practical insights for the design of efficient anaerobic digestion for sustainable methane production from low-rank coals.