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<p>Sewage sludge char is a low-cost adsorbent that can remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Enhancing its physicochemical properties through chemical activation can improve adsorption performance. Sewage sludge char was produced by pyrolysis at 400°C and chemically modified with KOH at weight ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 (designated as SSC-1 and SSC-2, respectively). The modified chars were characterized using proximate and ultimate analyses, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS). Cu(II) adsorption experiments were conducted and the data were analyzed using kinetic and isotherm models. KOH modification increased the specific surface area, pore volume, and the abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface. The Cu(II) adsorption capacity was strongly influenced by the microporosity and surface oxygen functionalities. The Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit to the equilibrium data (R<sup>2</sup> &gt; 0.99), and the maximum adsorption capacity of SSC-2 at 298&#xa0;K was 13.95&#xa0;mg/g, as determined by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The KOH-modified sewage sludge char showed promising performance as an adsorbent for Cu(II) removal from aqueous solutions, with an increase in oxygen functional groups and micropores.</p>

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Enhanced Cu(II) adsorption by KOH-Activated sewage sludge char: role of microporosity and oxygen functional groups

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Hye-ji Kim,
  • Young-Min Kim,
  • Hoyeon Yoo,
  • Jin Sun Cha

摘要

Sewage sludge char is a low-cost adsorbent that can remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Enhancing its physicochemical properties through chemical activation can improve adsorption performance. Sewage sludge char was produced by pyrolysis at 400°C and chemically modified with KOH at weight ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 (designated as SSC-1 and SSC-2, respectively). The modified chars were characterized using proximate and ultimate analyses, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS). Cu(II) adsorption experiments were conducted and the data were analyzed using kinetic and isotherm models. KOH modification increased the specific surface area, pore volume, and the abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface. The Cu(II) adsorption capacity was strongly influenced by the microporosity and surface oxygen functionalities. The Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit to the equilibrium data (R2 > 0.99), and the maximum adsorption capacity of SSC-2 at 298 K was 13.95 mg/g, as determined by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The KOH-modified sewage sludge char showed promising performance as an adsorbent for Cu(II) removal from aqueous solutions, with an increase in oxygen functional groups and micropores.