<p>This study evaluates the feasibility of producing functional cosmetic ingredients entirely from date seed waste by extracting, characterizing, and formulating date seed oil using three extraction techniques: Soxhlet, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and Dean–Stark extraction, yielding 8.48%, 6.99%, and 7.55% oil, respectively, with Soxhlet extraction providing the highest recovery. Fatty acid analysis showed lauric acid as the dominant component (28.65%), followed by myristic (17.71%) and palmitic (17.83%) acids, imparting high oxidative stability, emulsion stability, and cleansing functionality relevant to cosmetic applications. Rheological characterization of both date seed oil and a lotion formulated exclusively from date seed-derived oil, surfactant, and glycerin demonstrated pronounced shear-thinning behavior over a shear-rate and reduced viscosity at elevated temperature (50&#xa0;°C), consistent with desirable cosmetic flow properties. Stability testing showed minimal viscosity variation after 24&#xa0;h of incubation at 25&#xa0;°C, confirming short-term formulation stability. The results highlight the potential of date seed waste as a sustainable, high-value alternative to conventional cosmetic ingredients and support waste valorization while reducing reliance on synthetic raw materials.</p>

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Developing sustainable cosmetic products from date waste biomass

  • Fahed Javed,
  • Saleha Al-Mardeai,
  • Sulaiman Al-Zuhair

摘要

This study evaluates the feasibility of producing functional cosmetic ingredients entirely from date seed waste by extracting, characterizing, and formulating date seed oil using three extraction techniques: Soxhlet, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and Dean–Stark extraction, yielding 8.48%, 6.99%, and 7.55% oil, respectively, with Soxhlet extraction providing the highest recovery. Fatty acid analysis showed lauric acid as the dominant component (28.65%), followed by myristic (17.71%) and palmitic (17.83%) acids, imparting high oxidative stability, emulsion stability, and cleansing functionality relevant to cosmetic applications. Rheological characterization of both date seed oil and a lotion formulated exclusively from date seed-derived oil, surfactant, and glycerin demonstrated pronounced shear-thinning behavior over a shear-rate and reduced viscosity at elevated temperature (50 °C), consistent with desirable cosmetic flow properties. Stability testing showed minimal viscosity variation after 24 h of incubation at 25 °C, confirming short-term formulation stability. The results highlight the potential of date seed waste as a sustainable, high-value alternative to conventional cosmetic ingredients and support waste valorization while reducing reliance on synthetic raw materials.