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<p>Marigold (<i>Tagetes spp</i>.), cultivated extensively for ornamental, cultural, and industrial purposes, produces a large volume of underutilized floral biomass post-harvest. This review highlights the multifunctional potential of marigold residue’s petals, leaves, and stems as a sustainable bioresource in agriculture and environmental remediation. Rich in organic carbon (C: N ratio ~ 20:1 to 30:1), essential nutrients (N: 1.5–2.5%; K &gt; 1.5%), and bioactive compounds like terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids, these residues enhance soil fertility, microbial diversity, enzymatic activity, and nutrient availability when used as compost, green manure, mulch, or biochar. Importantly, marigold’s allelopathic and biofumigant properties suppress pathogens (e.g., Fusarium, Pythium), nematodes (<i>Meloidogyne</i> spp.), and weeds (<i>Amaranthus</i>,<i> Echinochloa</i>), reducing dependence on agrochemicals. Bioremediation studies show that T. erecta and T. patula can accumulate heavy metals (Cd, Ni) across red, sewage-sludge, and clay soils. Additionally, marigold leaf powder demonstrates efficacy in wastewater biosorption. Anaerobic digestion of floral waste yields methane with concentrations &gt; 57%, and co-digestion and solar-assisted pretreatment can increase biogas output by 32.6% and 122%, respectively. Despite its potential, adoption is hindered by seasonal availability, decomposition constraints, and limited outreach to farmers. Proposed strategies include microbial inoculation, co-composting, and integrated cropping systems. This review uniquely integrates agronomic, environmental, and bioenergy perspectives, offering a holistic roadmap for utilizing marigold residues in climate-smart, circular agriculture.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Sustainable utilization of marigold (Tagetes spp.) waste: A review on its agricultural, industrial, and environmental potential

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Chinmaya Kumar Swain,
  • Madhusmita Pradhan,
  • Pravu Kalyan Mohanty,
  • Sasmita Sarkar,
  • Jagatari Muduli,
  • Tanmoy Mondal,
  • Ranjan Kumar Sahoo,
  • Kiran Kumar Mohapatra,
  • Santanu Mohanty

摘要

Marigold (Tagetes spp.), cultivated extensively for ornamental, cultural, and industrial purposes, produces a large volume of underutilized floral biomass post-harvest. This review highlights the multifunctional potential of marigold residue’s petals, leaves, and stems as a sustainable bioresource in agriculture and environmental remediation. Rich in organic carbon (C: N ratio ~ 20:1 to 30:1), essential nutrients (N: 1.5–2.5%; K > 1.5%), and bioactive compounds like terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids, these residues enhance soil fertility, microbial diversity, enzymatic activity, and nutrient availability when used as compost, green manure, mulch, or biochar. Importantly, marigold’s allelopathic and biofumigant properties suppress pathogens (e.g., Fusarium, Pythium), nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), and weeds (Amaranthus, Echinochloa), reducing dependence on agrochemicals. Bioremediation studies show that T. erecta and T. patula can accumulate heavy metals (Cd, Ni) across red, sewage-sludge, and clay soils. Additionally, marigold leaf powder demonstrates efficacy in wastewater biosorption. Anaerobic digestion of floral waste yields methane with concentrations > 57%, and co-digestion and solar-assisted pretreatment can increase biogas output by 32.6% and 122%, respectively. Despite its potential, adoption is hindered by seasonal availability, decomposition constraints, and limited outreach to farmers. Proposed strategies include microbial inoculation, co-composting, and integrated cropping systems. This review uniquely integrates agronomic, environmental, and bioenergy perspectives, offering a holistic roadmap for utilizing marigold residues in climate-smart, circular agriculture.

Graphical abstract