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<p>Waste to wealth promotes circular economy and it addresses the sustainable development goals (UN SDG 12 and 13). The demand for exploration of new metals and also improper disposal of spent batteries led to environmental contamination and human problems. In this study, a green hydrometallurgical approach was employed to selectively recover manganese, which was subsequently converted into a nanomaterial and measured for its supercapacitor performance. Herein, the selective Mn recovery was achieved using citric acid, NaOH and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>; and the use of these organic compounds enabled to recover ~ 94% of Mn metal from spent cathode material. XRD reveals tetragonal structure: a = b = 5.865 Å and c = 9.337 Å and V = 321 Å<sup>3</sup>, and also evidenced with Raman analysis. Indeed, SEM images shows nano-spherical particles with average size of approximately 70&#xa0;nm. XPS results indicate Mn<sup>3+</sup>/Mn<sup>4+</sup> and O<sub>β</sub>/(O<sub>α</sub>+O<sub>β</sub>) ratios of 2.17 and 0.45, respectively, confirming the presence of multiple oxidation states which is capable of easing oxygen mobility and enhancing electrochemical behaviour. Consequently, the Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> derived from spent batteries showed a specific capacitance of 126&#xa0;F.g<sup>− 1</sup> at 5 mV s<sup>− 1</sup>, evidencing considerable charge-storage capability and supporting circular-economy initiatives.</p>

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Transformation of recovered manganese metal from spent lithium batteries to Mn3O4 catalyst - applied for supercapacitor application

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • Hari Prasad Uppara,
  • Dinesh Bejjanki,
  • Sampath Kumar Puttapati

摘要

Waste to wealth promotes circular economy and it addresses the sustainable development goals (UN SDG 12 and 13). The demand for exploration of new metals and also improper disposal of spent batteries led to environmental contamination and human problems. In this study, a green hydrometallurgical approach was employed to selectively recover manganese, which was subsequently converted into a nanomaterial and measured for its supercapacitor performance. Herein, the selective Mn recovery was achieved using citric acid, NaOH and H2O2; and the use of these organic compounds enabled to recover ~ 94% of Mn metal from spent cathode material. XRD reveals tetragonal structure: a = b = 5.865 Å and c = 9.337 Å and V = 321 Å3, and also evidenced with Raman analysis. Indeed, SEM images shows nano-spherical particles with average size of approximately 70 nm. XPS results indicate Mn3+/Mn4+ and Oβ/(Oα+Oβ) ratios of 2.17 and 0.45, respectively, confirming the presence of multiple oxidation states which is capable of easing oxygen mobility and enhancing electrochemical behaviour. Consequently, the Mn3O4 derived from spent batteries showed a specific capacitance of 126 F.g− 1 at 5 mV s− 1, evidencing considerable charge-storage capability and supporting circular-economy initiatives.