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<p>The poor stability of steel slag hinders steel slag’s large-scale utilization. Five different types of steel slag were chosen for tests, including rotary slag, thermally sprayed slag, and thermally processed slag. Citric acid was used to improve the stability of steel slag and prepare high abrasion-resistant hydraulic concrete. Stability of steel slag for use as aggregate decreased as rotary slag &gt; hot-curing slag &gt; hot-splash slag. Hot-spray slag exhibited non-uniform expansion due to surface-enriched free CaO (<i>f</i>-CaO) on large mineral particles. Immersing rotary slag in 0.034&#xa0;M citric acid for 3 days transformed surface <i>f-</i>CaO and free magnesium oxide (<i>f-</i>MgO) into calcium citrate and magnesium hydroxide, reducing mortar autoclave expansion rate to 0.04%. Using this modified rotary slag as fine and coarse aggregate for hydraulic concrete significantly enhanced concrete strength under equivalent water-binder ratios by 1–2 grade. Compared to granite aggregate concrete, abrasion resistance strength of hydraulic concrete using modified rotary slag aggregate was increased by 49.2%. Citric acid treatment effectively transforms steel slag into a high-performance, eco-friendly construction material, offering a scalable solution to reduce industrial waste and replace natural aggregates in hydraulic engineering.</p>

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Citric acid modified steel slag aggregate stability for Abrasion-resistant hydraulic concrete

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月2日

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  • Xia Chen,
  • Sha Wan,
  • Gang Liu,
  • Zeyu Fan,
  • Qi Lu,
  • Xian Zhou

摘要

The poor stability of steel slag hinders steel slag’s large-scale utilization. Five different types of steel slag were chosen for tests, including rotary slag, thermally sprayed slag, and thermally processed slag. Citric acid was used to improve the stability of steel slag and prepare high abrasion-resistant hydraulic concrete. Stability of steel slag for use as aggregate decreased as rotary slag > hot-curing slag > hot-splash slag. Hot-spray slag exhibited non-uniform expansion due to surface-enriched free CaO (f-CaO) on large mineral particles. Immersing rotary slag in 0.034 M citric acid for 3 days transformed surface f-CaO and free magnesium oxide (f-MgO) into calcium citrate and magnesium hydroxide, reducing mortar autoclave expansion rate to 0.04%. Using this modified rotary slag as fine and coarse aggregate for hydraulic concrete significantly enhanced concrete strength under equivalent water-binder ratios by 1–2 grade. Compared to granite aggregate concrete, abrasion resistance strength of hydraulic concrete using modified rotary slag aggregate was increased by 49.2%. Citric acid treatment effectively transforms steel slag into a high-performance, eco-friendly construction material, offering a scalable solution to reduce industrial waste and replace natural aggregates in hydraulic engineering.