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<p>Slagging is an unavoidable industrial problem during high-temperature incineration in the waste-to-energy technology. The coffee grounds were collected from a local coffee processing factory and two ash samples at 550&#xa0;°C and 850&#xa0;°C were prepared, respectively. By means of proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the slagging phenomenon of coffee grounds was analyzed. By calculating the slagging indexes (alkali–acid ratio, silicon–aluminum ratio, iron–calcium ratio, and alkaline index, it could correctly be predicted that slagging phenomenon occurred during the high-temperature incineration, which was confirmed by the SEM tests. Coffee grounds contained a certain amount of alkali metal elements (K, Ca, and Mg), which consists one of the main causes of slagging phenomenon occurrence. The surface morphology of the above two ash samples changed significantly, and the phenomenon of bonding and agglomeration appeared. The ash composition also changed, and the compounds of element K gathered on the slagging particle surface. In conclusion, high operating temperature and the existence of alkali metal compounds were the main causes of the slagging of coffee grounds. Taking appropriate anti-slagging measures and selecting appropriate operating temperature were the keys to the normal operations of the waste boilers.</p>

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Slagging behavior of coffee grounds during high-temperature incineration in waste-to-energy technology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月30日

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  • Fei Feng,
  • Junhui Guo,
  • Haoxuan Huang,
  • Zirui Xu,
  • Zheng Zhang,
  • Shouxing Wang,
  • Liang Jin

摘要

Slagging is an unavoidable industrial problem during high-temperature incineration in the waste-to-energy technology. The coffee grounds were collected from a local coffee processing factory and two ash samples at 550 °C and 850 °C were prepared, respectively. By means of proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the slagging phenomenon of coffee grounds was analyzed. By calculating the slagging indexes (alkali–acid ratio, silicon–aluminum ratio, iron–calcium ratio, and alkaline index, it could correctly be predicted that slagging phenomenon occurred during the high-temperature incineration, which was confirmed by the SEM tests. Coffee grounds contained a certain amount of alkali metal elements (K, Ca, and Mg), which consists one of the main causes of slagging phenomenon occurrence. The surface morphology of the above two ash samples changed significantly, and the phenomenon of bonding and agglomeration appeared. The ash composition also changed, and the compounds of element K gathered on the slagging particle surface. In conclusion, high operating temperature and the existence of alkali metal compounds were the main causes of the slagging of coffee grounds. Taking appropriate anti-slagging measures and selecting appropriate operating temperature were the keys to the normal operations of the waste boilers.