Progress in the electrochemical reduction of CO₂ catalyzed by manganese-based oxides

Electrochemical reduction of CO₂ (CO₂RR) is an environmentally benign, cost-effective, and operationally practical approach for utilizing CO₂ as a resource. The use of highly efficient electrocatalytic materials is essential for achieving rapid development of CO₂RR. In recent years, manganese (Mn)-based oxides have been widely reported as electrocatalytic materials, such as CO₂RR catalysts due to their low cost, high electrochemical activity, good stability, and so on. In addition, the valence states and crystal structure types of manganese oxides are both complicated and diversified. To assess the effect of valence state and crystal type on the catalytic performance of CO₂RR, this work reviews and summarizes the application of manganese-based oxides as electrocatalytic materials in CO₂RR, with structure property as the major line of discussion. On the basis of these findings, a number of ideas and prospects for the design and production of more effective manganese oxide catalysts were also proposed.