Utilizing bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration as a sustainable replacement for natural aggregates in epoxy mortar production: a feasibility study

In this scientific investigation, we explore the potential of bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), hereafter referred to as BA-MSWI, as an alternative to natural aggregates in epoxy mortar production. BA-MSWI bottom ash represents a prevalent environmental issue due to its excessive production, and its use in sustainable applications could help reduce the demand for natural aggregates. We conducted experiments by replacing natural sand with varying proportions of BA-MSWI (30–100%) and using epoxy resin (15–20%) as a binder. A packing density model was employed to optimize mixture compactness, calculate total porosity, and determine the required amount of resin. The results indicate a decrease in compressive strength and flexural strength when BA-MSWI is incorporated, but they enhance the thermal properties of the mortar. Importantly, the increased proportion of epoxy resin compensates for the loss of strength induced by the addition of BA-MSWI. From an environmental perspective, this research opens up possibilities for the utilization of BA-MSWI in various construction applications.