Optimization of municipal solid waste collection sites by an integrated spatial analysis approach in Semarang City

This study aimed to validate the waste collection sites (WCS) data by a field survey, identify the WCS distribution, propose a new suitable location for WCS, optimize existing WCS location and capacity, and analyze the potential reduction of unmanaged or uncollected waste in Semarang City. This study used the average nearest neighbor and kernel density (ANN/KD) analysis, spatial multi-criteria decision analysis (SMCDA), and location-allocation analysis to define the unserved area and analyze the priority area of WCS development. The results showed that Semarang Tengah and Semarang Selatan District have a thicker WCS density. Rural and peri-urban areas lack WCS, which may lead to improper waste management. There are 32 new potential locations and 84 existing WCS that are necessary to pretend its existence. The optimization of WCS may reduce uncollected waste from 1080 to 462 m³/day, thus reducing other improper waste management practices in Semarang City.