Complex open cerebrovascular surgery in community hospitals: a case series examining system-level requirements for safe decentralization
摘要
Complex cerebrovascular surgery is traditionally centralized to high-volume tertiary centers, but urgent presentations and geographic disparities may necessitate management in community hospitals with appropriate infrastructure and surgical expertise. We present a retrospective case series of five urgent or emergent cerebrovascular procedures performed between September 2024 and July 2025 at a regional community hospital with advanced cerebrovascular and angiography capability. Cases included STA–MCA bypass for chronic M1 occlusion, resection of a ruptured diffuse frontal AVM, bypass for a ruptured fusiform MCA aneurysm, resection of recurrent hemorrhagic caudate cavernous malformation, and anterior communicating artery aneurysm clipping. The senior surgeon completed fellowship training in cerebrovascular surgery. Institutional infrastructure included an angiography suite and ICU monitoring without a dedicated neuro-intensivist. System-level preparations involved pre-case team rehearsals, ICU education, and structured multidisciplinary handoffs. All procedures achieved technical success with complete lesion treatment. Complications included bypass thrombosis from delayed aspirin initiation, a postoperative seizure from omitted prophylaxis, and moderate vasospasm requiring endovascular therapy, with no perioperative mortality. These events prompted protocol modifications, including mandated early antiplatelet therapy, standardized seizure prophylaxis, and enhanced ICU training. Technical expertise alone was insufficient—complications arose from perioperative management gaps rather than operative errors. These findings demonstrate that when advanced surgical training, adequate infrastructure, and structured institutional protocols align, urgent complex cerebrovascular cases can be managed safely outside quaternary centers, though these requirements limit generalization to typical community practice settings.