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<p>Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) serves as a crucial tool for rapidly and accurately quantifying tissue heterogeneity and its associated biological significance within highly organized life systems. In this study, we utilized scRNA-seq to compare and analyze the characteristics of cell populations in eutopic endometrium (EUE) and its paired ectopic endometrium (ECE). Also, through multiple analytical approaches, we revealed the distinct contributions of fibroblasts and immune cells in endometriosis (EMs), with a particular focus on the features of fibroblasts and macrophages during pseudo-time differentiation. Notably, we not only identified Aquaporin 9-positive monocyte/macrophages (AQP9<sup>+</sup>/CD68<sup>+</sup> cells) by anchoring the target protein AQP9 from the macrophage marker gene, but further quantitative analysis confirmed that AQP9 expression abundance was positively correlated with the disease stage of EMs (rASRM stage), i.e., the higher the disease stage, the higher the expression level of AQP9 in ectopic lesions. This suggests that AQP9 may be involved in the pathological progression of EMs, and its expression shows a preliminary association with disease severity. In summary, our results provide a high-resolution, preliminary cellular map of EMs, proposing novel hypotheses regarding disease progression mechanisms, and informing potential research priorities for future investigations.</p>

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A preliminary single-cell map of endometriosis suggests roles for fibroblast metabolism and macrophage polarization in disease progression

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Xiurong Cao,
  • Hui Tao,
  • Xiang Fan,
  • Yifei Wang,
  • Jia Yang,
  • Wenbo Zhou,
  • Pingping Xue,
  • Pengfeng Zhu

摘要

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) serves as a crucial tool for rapidly and accurately quantifying tissue heterogeneity and its associated biological significance within highly organized life systems. In this study, we utilized scRNA-seq to compare and analyze the characteristics of cell populations in eutopic endometrium (EUE) and its paired ectopic endometrium (ECE). Also, through multiple analytical approaches, we revealed the distinct contributions of fibroblasts and immune cells in endometriosis (EMs), with a particular focus on the features of fibroblasts and macrophages during pseudo-time differentiation. Notably, we not only identified Aquaporin 9-positive monocyte/macrophages (AQP9+/CD68+ cells) by anchoring the target protein AQP9 from the macrophage marker gene, but further quantitative analysis confirmed that AQP9 expression abundance was positively correlated with the disease stage of EMs (rASRM stage), i.e., the higher the disease stage, the higher the expression level of AQP9 in ectopic lesions. This suggests that AQP9 may be involved in the pathological progression of EMs, and its expression shows a preliminary association with disease severity. In summary, our results provide a high-resolution, preliminary cellular map of EMs, proposing novel hypotheses regarding disease progression mechanisms, and informing potential research priorities for future investigations.