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<p>Glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1) proteins are widely distributed in plants and function as β-glucosidases involved in cell wall metabolism, signal transduction, and stress responses. They enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stresses by optimizing osmotic regulation, mediating the activation of secondary metabolites, and mitigating ion toxicity. In this study, we identified a total of 153 GH1 gene family members across four cotton species: <i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>, <i>Gossypium barbadense</i>, <i>Gossypium arboreum</i> and <i>Gossypium raimondii</i>. Phylogenetic analysis classified the GH1 genes into five distinct subgroups. Further analysis of gene structure and conserved motifs revealed that genes within the same subgroup share highly similar exon-intron organizations and consistent motif distributions, suggesting functional conservation among subgroup members. Chromosomal localization combined with MCScanX-based collinearity analysis indicates that segmental duplication is the primary mechanism driving the expansion of the GH1 gene family. Furthermore, promoter fanalysis revealed multiple stress-related cis-regulatory elements, including ABRE and MBSI, indicating potential regulation by abscisic acid (ABA) and stress-responsive transcription factors. RT–qPCR analysis of ten representative GH1 genes under 200 mM NaCl treatment revealed distinct expression patterns, with four genes significantly upregulated and five significantly downregulated relative to the control group. Additionally, functional verification through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) demonstrated that silencing <i>Gohir.A02G106100</i> resulted in reduced plant height and shoot fresh weight compared to the controls. The findings indicated that plants with silenced <i>Gohir.A02G106100</i> exhibited significantly greater sensitivity to salt stress than the negative control plants, suggesting that this gene may play a role in cotton’s response to salt stress.</p>

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Genome-wide analysis and functional validation of the GH1 gene family in cotton under salt stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月19日

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  • Liting Zhang,
  • Junfeng Tang,
  • Xiaoyu Tian,
  • Hui Fang,
  • Yifan Xu,
  • Yiming Qian,
  • Mengxue Jia,
  • Ping Li,
  • Baohua Wang,
  • Zhimin Zhuang

摘要

Glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1) proteins are widely distributed in plants and function as β-glucosidases involved in cell wall metabolism, signal transduction, and stress responses. They enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stresses by optimizing osmotic regulation, mediating the activation of secondary metabolites, and mitigating ion toxicity. In this study, we identified a total of 153 GH1 gene family members across four cotton species: Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium raimondii. Phylogenetic analysis classified the GH1 genes into five distinct subgroups. Further analysis of gene structure and conserved motifs revealed that genes within the same subgroup share highly similar exon-intron organizations and consistent motif distributions, suggesting functional conservation among subgroup members. Chromosomal localization combined with MCScanX-based collinearity analysis indicates that segmental duplication is the primary mechanism driving the expansion of the GH1 gene family. Furthermore, promoter fanalysis revealed multiple stress-related cis-regulatory elements, including ABRE and MBSI, indicating potential regulation by abscisic acid (ABA) and stress-responsive transcription factors. RT–qPCR analysis of ten representative GH1 genes under 200 mM NaCl treatment revealed distinct expression patterns, with four genes significantly upregulated and five significantly downregulated relative to the control group. Additionally, functional verification through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) demonstrated that silencing Gohir.A02G106100 resulted in reduced plant height and shoot fresh weight compared to the controls. The findings indicated that plants with silenced Gohir.A02G106100 exhibited significantly greater sensitivity to salt stress than the negative control plants, suggesting that this gene may play a role in cotton’s response to salt stress.