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<p>The increasing demand for global protein and awareness of environmental issues challenge sustainable aquaculture growth. The freshwater fish giant gourami (<i>Osphronemus goramy</i>) has the potential to be farmed sustainably. The gut microbiome approach is key to sustainable aquaculture by supporting fish health and feed utilization. This study evaluated the effect of taro leaves supplementation on giant gourami growth and gut microbiome composition. Four groups of fish (initial weight 378 ± 26.14&#xa0;g) were fed commercial feed with 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% taro leaves substitution for 16 weeks. Growth parameters such as absolute weight gain (AWG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), survival rate (SR), and condition factor (CF) were measured, and gut microbiota was analyzed using 16&#xa0;S rRNA gene sequencing via Oxford Nanopore Technology. The 50% taro leaves group showed significantly higher AWG (78.87 ± 11.96&#xa0;g, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and PER (1.92 ± 0.37, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) compared to the 100% commercial feed (53 ± 5.6&#xa0;g and 0.54 ± 0.18, respectively). The condition factor of fish in all feeding experiments (1.40–1.55) demonstrated optimal growth conditions. The gut microbiome was dominated by <i>Clostridium</i>, with taro leaves substitution increasing <i>Cellulosilyticum</i>, <i>Fusobacterium</i>, and <i>Ilyobacter</i>, which are linked to cellulose breakdown and SCFA production. These findings suggest that giant gourami do not require solely commercial feed and are promising for sustainable aquaculture practice.</p>

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A Metagenomic Analysis of Gut Microbiome and Growth Performance of Giant Gourami (Osphronemus goramy) Fed with Raw Plant-Based Diet

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月15日

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  • Dini Wahyu Kartika Sari,
  • Nugroho Lutfan Khamid,
  • Mohamad Aji Ikhrami,
  • Ignatius Hardaningsih,
  • Tony Budi Satriyo,
  • Ahmad Suparmin

摘要

The increasing demand for global protein and awareness of environmental issues challenge sustainable aquaculture growth. The freshwater fish giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy) has the potential to be farmed sustainably. The gut microbiome approach is key to sustainable aquaculture by supporting fish health and feed utilization. This study evaluated the effect of taro leaves supplementation on giant gourami growth and gut microbiome composition. Four groups of fish (initial weight 378 ± 26.14 g) were fed commercial feed with 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% taro leaves substitution for 16 weeks. Growth parameters such as absolute weight gain (AWG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), survival rate (SR), and condition factor (CF) were measured, and gut microbiota was analyzed using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing via Oxford Nanopore Technology. The 50% taro leaves group showed significantly higher AWG (78.87 ± 11.96 g, p < 0.05) and PER (1.92 ± 0.37, p < 0.05) compared to the 100% commercial feed (53 ± 5.6 g and 0.54 ± 0.18, respectively). The condition factor of fish in all feeding experiments (1.40–1.55) demonstrated optimal growth conditions. The gut microbiome was dominated by Clostridium, with taro leaves substitution increasing Cellulosilyticum, Fusobacterium, and Ilyobacter, which are linked to cellulose breakdown and SCFA production. These findings suggest that giant gourami do not require solely commercial feed and are promising for sustainable aquaculture practice.