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<p>Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation (aPDI) is a non-thermal, minimally invasive technique that uses light and photosensitizing compounds (PS) to generate reactive oxygen species, promoting the destruction of microorganisms without inducing microbial resistance. This study investigated the photosensitizing potential of the flower extract of <i>Plumeria rubra</i> L., a unconventional edible plant, in aPDI. The extract showed a high content of rutin, a flavonoid known to confer chemical stability to PS and promote its interaction with bacterial cell structures, increasing photodynamic efficiency. Tests conducted in the dark revealed a lack of antimicrobial activity, a desirable characteristic for photosensitizing compounds. Under white light irradiation and an optical fluence of 18 <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\textbf {J}}/{\textbf {cm}}^{\varvec{2}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, the extract inactivated the methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> strain at a concentration of 0.78 mg/mL, in addition to demonstrating action against <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>. At an optical fluence of 27 <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\textbf {J}}/{\textbf {cm}}^{\varvec{2}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, inactivation of most of the strains evaluated was observed. These results indicate that <i>P. rubra</i> extract it is a promising natural photosensitizer, that combines a favorable phytochemical composition, absence of inactivation in the dark, and high photodynamic efficiency under white light, demonstrating potential for therapeutic and industrial applications.</p>

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Light-driven bacterial inactivation using Plumeria rubra extract: a promising natural photosensitizer

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月10日

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  • Caroline T. Marcon,
  • Leandro S. Herculano,
  • Tânia C. S. P. Pires,
  • Cristiane Canan,
  • Mônica L. Fiorese,
  • Luis C. Malacarne,
  • Tayse F. F. Silveira,
  • Joana A. S. Amaral,
  • Lillian B. Barros

摘要

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation (aPDI) is a non-thermal, minimally invasive technique that uses light and photosensitizing compounds (PS) to generate reactive oxygen species, promoting the destruction of microorganisms without inducing microbial resistance. This study investigated the photosensitizing potential of the flower extract of Plumeria rubra L., a unconventional edible plant, in aPDI. The extract showed a high content of rutin, a flavonoid known to confer chemical stability to PS and promote its interaction with bacterial cell structures, increasing photodynamic efficiency. Tests conducted in the dark revealed a lack of antimicrobial activity, a desirable characteristic for photosensitizing compounds. Under white light irradiation and an optical fluence of 18 \({\textbf {J}}/{\textbf {cm}}^{\varvec{2}}\) , the extract inactivated the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain at a concentration of 0.78 mg/mL, in addition to demonstrating action against Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. At an optical fluence of 27 \({\textbf {J}}/{\textbf {cm}}^{\varvec{2}}\) , inactivation of most of the strains evaluated was observed. These results indicate that P. rubra extract it is a promising natural photosensitizer, that combines a favorable phytochemical composition, absence of inactivation in the dark, and high photodynamic efficiency under white light, demonstrating potential for therapeutic and industrial applications.