Polymeric Nanomedicines for Comprehensive Regulation of Tumor Microenvironment

Cancer immunotherapy, which harnesses the host immune system to combat cancer, has advanced into preclinical and clinical trials. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) usually promotes tumor angiogenesis and induces immune tolerance. Recently, polymeric nanomedicines with comprehensive regulation of the TME have attracted research interest. Compared with others, polymeric nanomedicines have outstanding characteristics, including facile preparation, improved tumor penetration, longer blood circulation, and better bioavailability. In particular, polymeric nanomedicines hold great potential for integrating combined treatments and imaging methods to concurrently modulate and trace the functional processes of multiple immune cells. This review summarizes the advances in polymeric nanomedicine-based strategies for TME regulation, including the regulation of TME stromal cells, the immune microenvironment matrix, and vasculature. Furthermore, the development of comprehensive polymeric nanomedicine-based theragnostic platforms integrated with imaging segments is briefly introduced.