<p>Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) is a type of reversible chemical reactions under the control of thermodynamics. The reversibility of DCC allows the exchange of reaction components to form thermodynamically stable products. This kind of reaction has been widely incorporated in various research directions, holding an important significance in guiding emerging fields, such as two-dimensional macrocycles, two-dimensional materials and three-dimensional molecular cages. Of them, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as a class of high crystalline porous conjugated polymers linked by dynamic covalent bonds exhibit huge potential application in various fields, such as gas separation, catalysis, sensing, biomedicines, and electronic devices due to their long-range ordered structures, regular pore distribution, high specific surface areas, and excellent molecular material designability. Vinylene-linked COFs feature high chemical stability and outstanding <i>π</i>-electron delocalization, extremely desired for the development of high-performance semiconducting catalysts and device. However, given that the formation reaction of carbon-carbon double bond only exhibited much poorer reversibility than those of the traditional dynamic covalent bonds, it still a big challenge to well-control the preparation of high-quality vinylene-linked COFs. In this review article, we intend to summarize the synthetic strategy approach to 2D vinylene-linked COFs on the basis of the rational design of the key monomers and the optimized reaction conditions for efficiently promoting Knoevenagel/aldol condensation. Then, we exemplified several applications arising from the unique characters of such kinds of COFs. Eventually, the challenges and opportunities of vinylene-linked COFs were also foreseen.</p>