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<p>Hydrogels are widely employed in various cutting-edge fields due to their excellent flexibility and tunability. However, hydrogels undergo significant swelling when immersed in seawater or other ionic solutions, leading to a severe decline in their performance. Herein, we develop a composite hydrogel (PAH) with anti-swelling capability in different solution environments, constructed through hydrogen bonding interactions between rigid aramid nanofibers (ANF) and flexible poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The dense three-dimensional skeleton within PAH not only dissipates energy to enhance its strength and toughness but also effectively inhibits water molecule penetration. Even after immersion in different ionic solutions, PAH maintains its structural integrity (equilibrium swelling ratio of only 0.1%), while retaining excellent mechanical properties. This work provides a simple and effective strategy for improving the anti-swelling ability of hydrogels in different solutions, offering insights for broadening the application scope of hydrogels.</p>

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Anti-swelling and Mechanically Robust Composite Hydrogels in Aquatic Environments

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月5日

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  • Ze-Hang Du,
  • Qing-Hua Wang,
  • An-Qi Xiao,
  • Piao-Piao Zhou,
  • Xiao-Lin Lyu,
  • Zhi-Gang Zou

摘要

Hydrogels are widely employed in various cutting-edge fields due to their excellent flexibility and tunability. However, hydrogels undergo significant swelling when immersed in seawater or other ionic solutions, leading to a severe decline in their performance. Herein, we develop a composite hydrogel (PAH) with anti-swelling capability in different solution environments, constructed through hydrogen bonding interactions between rigid aramid nanofibers (ANF) and flexible poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The dense three-dimensional skeleton within PAH not only dissipates energy to enhance its strength and toughness but also effectively inhibits water molecule penetration. Even after immersion in different ionic solutions, PAH maintains its structural integrity (equilibrium swelling ratio of only 0.1%), while retaining excellent mechanical properties. This work provides a simple and effective strategy for improving the anti-swelling ability of hydrogels in different solutions, offering insights for broadening the application scope of hydrogels.