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<p>A simultaneous boost in toughness and fire safety of epoxy (EP) is achieved through solvent-free one-step neutralization of phytic acid with 1,8-diaminooctane to yield a multifunctional bio-based curing agent, PA-DAO. When used as the sole hardener, 5 wt% PA-DAO increased the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths by 165%, 81%, and 455%, respectively, over the parent amine system, whereas the tensile and flexural toughness increased by 1387% and 775%, respectively. At 25 wt% loading, the resin attained a UL-94 V-0 rating and a limiting oxygen index of 28.1%, accompanied by a 71% reduction in the peak heat-release rate and a 53% suppression of total smoke production. This facile, green protocol provides scalable access to ultra-tough, intrinsically flame-retardant epoxy networks without external plasticizers or additives.</p>

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Bio-derived Flame-retardant Curing Agents Enable One-step, Ambient Synthesis of Ultra-tough, Smoke-suppressed Epoxy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月18日

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  • Hang-Tian Hu,
  • Dan Xie,
  • Zheng-Hong Guo,
  • Feng-Qing Chen,
  • Xing-Wei He,
  • Gao-Bo Lou,
  • Jin-Feng Dai,
  • Li-Na Liu

摘要

A simultaneous boost in toughness and fire safety of epoxy (EP) is achieved through solvent-free one-step neutralization of phytic acid with 1,8-diaminooctane to yield a multifunctional bio-based curing agent, PA-DAO. When used as the sole hardener, 5 wt% PA-DAO increased the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths by 165%, 81%, and 455%, respectively, over the parent amine system, whereas the tensile and flexural toughness increased by 1387% and 775%, respectively. At 25 wt% loading, the resin attained a UL-94 V-0 rating and a limiting oxygen index of 28.1%, accompanied by a 71% reduction in the peak heat-release rate and a 53% suppression of total smoke production. This facile, green protocol provides scalable access to ultra-tough, intrinsically flame-retardant epoxy networks without external plasticizers or additives.