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<p>Dielectric films are critical components in the fabrication of capacitors. However, their reliance on petroleum-derived polymers presents significant environmental challenges. To address this issue, we report on a high-performance biomass-based dielectric material derived from vanillin (VA), a renewable aromatic aldehyde. Vanillin was first esterified to synthesize vanillin methacrylate (VMA), which was then copolymerized with methyl methacrylate (MMA) <i>via</i> free-radical polymerization to yield P(VMA-MMA). By crosslinking the aldehyde groups in VMA with the amine groups in the polyether amine D400 (PEA), we fabricated a series of P(VMA-MMA)@PEA dielectric films with precisely tunable crosslinking densities. The unique molecular structure of vanillin, featuring both a benzene ring and an ester group, facilitates strong <i>δ-π</i> interactions and dipolar polarization, synergistically enhancing energy storage density while minimizing dielectric loss. At an optimal P(VMA-MMA) ratio of 1:10 and 80% theoretical crosslinking degree, the dielectric constant reaches 3.4 at 10<sup>3</sup> Hz, while the breakdown strength reaches 670.2 MV/m. Furthermore, the film exhibits an energy storage density of 7.1 J/cm<sup>3</sup> at 500 MV/m while maintaining a charge-discharge efficiency exceeding 90%. This study demonstrates a green and reliable strategy for designing biomass-based dielectric materials and opens new avenues for the development of eco-friendly energy-storage technologies.</p>

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High-performance Vanillin-derived Dielectric Polymer Films for Sustainable Energy Storage

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月10日

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  • Lei-Peng Liu,
  • Bo-Yi Tian,
  • Rui-Ying Xie,
  • Shu-Ping Wei,
  • Peng-Fei Yuan,
  • Yuan-Duo Duan,
  • Xiao-Fei Chen,
  • Yu-Xuan Wang,
  • Sheng-Hua Lv,
  • Yue-Hong Zhang

摘要

Dielectric films are critical components in the fabrication of capacitors. However, their reliance on petroleum-derived polymers presents significant environmental challenges. To address this issue, we report on a high-performance biomass-based dielectric material derived from vanillin (VA), a renewable aromatic aldehyde. Vanillin was first esterified to synthesize vanillin methacrylate (VMA), which was then copolymerized with methyl methacrylate (MMA) via free-radical polymerization to yield P(VMA-MMA). By crosslinking the aldehyde groups in VMA with the amine groups in the polyether amine D400 (PEA), we fabricated a series of P(VMA-MMA)@PEA dielectric films with precisely tunable crosslinking densities. The unique molecular structure of vanillin, featuring both a benzene ring and an ester group, facilitates strong δ-π interactions and dipolar polarization, synergistically enhancing energy storage density while minimizing dielectric loss. At an optimal P(VMA-MMA) ratio of 1:10 and 80% theoretical crosslinking degree, the dielectric constant reaches 3.4 at 103 Hz, while the breakdown strength reaches 670.2 MV/m. Furthermore, the film exhibits an energy storage density of 7.1 J/cm3 at 500 MV/m while maintaining a charge-discharge efficiency exceeding 90%. This study demonstrates a green and reliable strategy for designing biomass-based dielectric materials and opens new avenues for the development of eco-friendly energy-storage technologies.