<p>We construct radial and non-radial singular solutions <i>u</i> ∈ <i>C</i><sup>4</sup>(<i>B</i>∖{0}) with a non-removable singular point <i>x</i> = 0 for the conformal Q-curvature equation <Equation ID="Equ1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{cases}\Delta^{2}u={\rm{e}}^{u}\quad\text{in}\,B\backslash\{0\},\\\int_{B\backslash\{0\}}{\rm{e}}^{u(x)}\,dx&lt;\infty,\end{cases}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mo>{</mo> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="1em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∖</mi> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo> <mo>,</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow> <mi>B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∖</mi> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo fence="true" stretchy="true" /> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation> where <i>B</i> = {<i>x</i> ∈ ℝ<sup>4</sup>: ∣<i>x</i>∣ &lt; 1}. More precisely, we can construct two different types of singular solutions <i>u</i> ∈ <i>C</i><sup>4</sup>(<i>B</i>∖{0}) of the equation, satisfying <Equation ID="Equ2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\vert x\vert^{2}u(x)\rightarrow - D&lt;0\quad\text{uniformly}\,\text{as}\,\vert x\vert \rightarrow 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">∣</mo> <mi>x</mi> <msup> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">∣</mo> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>D</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="1em" /> <mtext>uniformly</mtext> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>as</mtext> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">∣</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">∣</mo> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>0</mn> </math></EquationSource> </Equation> for some <i>D</i><sub>0</sub> ≥ 0 and any <i>D</i> &gt; <i>D</i><sub>0</sub> ≥ 0, and satisfying <Equation ID="Equ3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u(x)=o(\vert x\vert^{-2})\quad\text{uniformly}\,\text{as}\,\vert x\vert \rightarrow 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>o</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">∣</mo> <mi>x</mi> <msup> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">∣</mo> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mtext>uniformly</mtext> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>as</mtext> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">∣</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">∣</mo> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>0</mn> </math></EquationSource> </Equation> Moreover, detailed asymptotic expansions near <i>x</i> = 0 of these radial and non-radial singular solutions can be established. As an application, we can also obtain the existence of two types of solutions <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u\in C^{4}(\mathbb{R}^{4}\backslash\overline{B})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mi>u</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∖</mi> <mover> <mi>B</mi> <mo accent="false">¯</mo> </mover> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to the problem <Equation ID="Equ4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{cases}\Delta^{2}u={\rm{e}}^{u}\quad\text{in}\,\mathbb{R}^{4}\backslash\overline{B},\\\int_{\mathbb{R}^{4}\backslash\overline{B}}{\rm{e}}^{u(x)} dx&lt;\infty\end{cases}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mo>{</mo> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="1em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∖</mi> <mover> <mi>B</mi> <mo accent="false">¯</mo> </mover> <mo>,</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∖</mi> <mover> <mi>B</mi> <mo accent="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo fence="true" stretchy="true" /> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation> satisfying |<i>x</i>|<sup>−2</sup><i>u</i>(<i>x</i>) → − <i>D</i> &lt; 0 uniformly as |<i>x</i>| → ∞ for some D<sub>0</sub> ≥ 0 and any <i>D</i> &gt; <i>D</i><sub>0</sub>, and satisfying <i>u</i>(<i>x</i>) = <i>o</i>(|<i>x</i>|<sup>2</sup>) uniformly as |<i>x</i>| → ∞.</p>

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New Types of Singular Solutions of Conformal Q-curvature Equations

  • Zongming Guo,
  • Zhongyuan Liu,
  • Fangshu Wan

摘要

We construct radial and non-radial singular solutions uC4(B∖{0}) with a non-removable singular point x = 0 for the conformal Q-curvature equation \(\begin{cases}\Delta^{2}u={\rm{e}}^{u}\quad\text{in}\,B\backslash\{0\},\\\int_{B\backslash\{0\}}{\rm{e}}^{u(x)}\,dx<\infty,\end{cases}\) { Δ 2 u = e u in B { 0 } , B { 0 } e u ( x ) d x < , where B = {x ∈ ℝ4: ∣x∣ < 1}. More precisely, we can construct two different types of singular solutions uC4(B∖{0}) of the equation, satisfying \(\vert x\vert^{2}u(x)\rightarrow - D<0\quad\text{uniformly}\,\text{as}\,\vert x\vert \rightarrow 0\) x 2 u ( x ) D < 0 uniformly as x 0 for some D0 ≥ 0 and any D > D0 ≥ 0, and satisfying \(u(x)=o(\vert x\vert^{-2})\quad\text{uniformly}\,\text{as}\,\vert x\vert \rightarrow 0\) u ( x ) = o ( x 2 ) uniformly as x 0 Moreover, detailed asymptotic expansions near x = 0 of these radial and non-radial singular solutions can be established. As an application, we can also obtain the existence of two types of solutions \(u\in C^{4}(\mathbb{R}^{4}\backslash\overline{B})\) u C 4 ( R 4 B ¯ ) to the problem \(\begin{cases}\Delta^{2}u={\rm{e}}^{u}\quad\text{in}\,\mathbb{R}^{4}\backslash\overline{B},\\\int_{\mathbb{R}^{4}\backslash\overline{B}}{\rm{e}}^{u(x)} dx<\infty\end{cases}\) { Δ 2 u = e u in R 4 B ¯ , R 4 B ¯ e u ( x ) d x < satisfying |x|−2u(x) → − D < 0 uniformly as |x| → ∞ for some D0 ≥ 0 and any D > D0, and satisfying u(x) = o(|x|2) uniformly as |x| → ∞.