<p>This study investigates the complex dynamics of climate resilient strategies among smallholder black pepper farmers in Kerala, India. Employing a mixed-methods approach, including best-worst scaling (BWS) analysis, conditional logistic regression and attribute level preferences, we explore the decision-making processes underlying the adoption of various adaptation practices and subsequent livelihood choices. The methodology employed in the study provided unbiased responses from respondents and captured their satisficing choices towards climate change adaptation. Our findings reveal that a combination of practices, characterized by exclusive organic farming practices, diversified cropping systems with cardamom integration and the preservation of selected landraces, is the most favoured resilience strategy among respondents. Despite concerns over increased maintenance costs, farmers perceive organic farming as conducive to the long-term sustainability of black pepper-based farming systems. Conversely, mixed choice responses towards the perceived utility of grafted pepper plants for flood and disease tolerance throw light on the importance of institutional validation for decision-making regarding technological adoption. Respondents prioritize landrace diversity and diversified cropping systems, reflecting an inclination towards genetic preservation and sustainable farming practices. The study highlights a strategic shift towards three-tier diversified systems, incorporating cardamom, to mitigate volatility in the black pepper market. However, concerns arise over the potential reduction in black pepper acreage and possible agroecological changes in the region. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and agricultural stakeholders, guiding future adaptation decisions to promote sustainable livelihoods for smallholder farmers in Kerala’s major black pepper growing tracts.</p>