<p>Floods are a recurrent and intensifying hazard in Assam, a state in India, leading to widespread economic and non-economic loss and damage. This study presents a district-level assessment of climate risk and loss and damage across Assam’s Eastern Himalayas, combining hazard, exposure, and vulnerability dimensions within the IPCC AR6 risk framing. By linking pre-event risk profiling with post-event impact data (2015–2023), the study provides a comprehensive analysis that makes climate risks and loss and damage outcomes comparable across districts, allowing for spatial prioritization of adaptation needs. Findings reveal that flood risk in Assam is highly differentiated. While some districts simultaneously experience high hazard, exposure, and vulnerability, several moderate-risk areas incur disproportionately high loss and damage due to socio-economic and livelihood-based vulnerabilities. Non-economic impacts such as displacement, psychological distress, and culture loss are equally significant in low-risk zones, indicating that vulnerability, rather than hazard intensity alone, often drives negative outcomes. The novelty of this study lies in establishing a consistent, scalable methodology for assessing loss and damage at the subnational level, and generating policy-relevant evidence to guide adaptation planning, resource allocation, and local resilience strategies. The findings hold broader implications for countries developing mechanisms to address loss and damage within national adaptation and loss and damage policy frameworks.</p>