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<p>In alpine tundra regions, snowmelt plays a crucial role in creating spatial heterogeneity in soil moisture and nutrients across various terrains, influencing vegetation distribution. With climate warming, snowmelt has advanced, lengthening the growing season while also increasing the risk of frost damage to evergreen dwarf shrubs like <i>Rhododendron aureum</i> in alpine tundra regions. To understand these long-term effects, we used remote sensing imagery to analyze nearly four decades (1985–2022) of snowmelt date and the distribution change of <i>R. aureum</i> in Changbai Mountain, East China’s only alpine tundra. Results show that snowmelt advanced by 1–3&#xa0;days/10&#xa0;years, with faster rates at higher elevations and shady slopes (0.4–0.6&#xa0;days/10&#xa0;years more than sunny slopes), while <i>R. aureum</i> increased more on shady slopes under such conditions. Our study demonstrates that these shifts in snowmelt date vary significantly across topographies and reveals how topography and snowmelt changes interact to shape the distribution of evergreen shrubs under climate warming.</p>

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Advanced snowmelt date and topography affect the distribution shifts of evergreen shrubs in alpine tundra of Northeast China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月30日

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  • Yan Li,
  • Hong S. He,
  • Shengwei Zong,
  • Mia M. Wu,
  • Shuai Chang

摘要

In alpine tundra regions, snowmelt plays a crucial role in creating spatial heterogeneity in soil moisture and nutrients across various terrains, influencing vegetation distribution. With climate warming, snowmelt has advanced, lengthening the growing season while also increasing the risk of frost damage to evergreen dwarf shrubs like Rhododendron aureum in alpine tundra regions. To understand these long-term effects, we used remote sensing imagery to analyze nearly four decades (1985–2022) of snowmelt date and the distribution change of R. aureum in Changbai Mountain, East China’s only alpine tundra. Results show that snowmelt advanced by 1–3 days/10 years, with faster rates at higher elevations and shady slopes (0.4–0.6 days/10 years more than sunny slopes), while R. aureum increased more on shady slopes under such conditions. Our study demonstrates that these shifts in snowmelt date vary significantly across topographies and reveals how topography and snowmelt changes interact to shape the distribution of evergreen shrubs under climate warming.