<p>Climate change is one of the greatest contemporary challenges, especially for Conservation Units, as rising temperatures and reduced rainfall lead to forest fires that threaten biodiversity and the human communities living in these areas. In this context, the Tapajós National Forest in the Brazilian Amazon faces conflicts and challenges related to forest management and land use, hindering adaptation and proper management in the face of climate changes. The objective of this research was to analyze these conflicts and challenges for the populations of the Tapajós National Forest within the context of climate change, focusing on the sustainability of natural resources. A mixed-methods approach with a concurrent design was used, including semi-structured interviews, direct observation, and focus groups, which revealed that only 1% of farmers practice sustainable agriculture, while 67% of the community confirms the absence of environmental education activities. These deficiencies, together with problems such as deforestation, fires, and population pressure within the unit, pose a significant threat as they limit the mitigation of climate effects and disaster prevention. The results highlight the need to strengthen training in sustainable agriculture and environmental education to promote resilience and adequate adaptation to natural events, concluding that it is vital to incorporate these aspects into the environmental management of the Tapajós National Forest.</p>