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<p>Fatigue among vessel traffic service operators (VTSOs) poses critical risks to maritime safety, requiring objective, real-time monitoring solutions. This study integrates thermographic imaging and subjective self-reports to assess fatigue and mental workload in operational environments. A total of 23 VTSOs from two Spanish Maritime Rescue Coordination Centers (MRCCs), with an average of 7.74&#xa0;years of experience, were observed for 200&#xa0;h. Using facial thermography, specifically nasal temperature variations, and validated psychological assessments, we analyzed the physiological and cognitive effects of shift work. Results show that night shifts significantly increase fatigue, with a 15% increase in perceived exertion and a 2&#xa0;°C decrease in nasal temperature. Automated face recognition via YOLO5Face facilitated real-time thermographic analysis, improving the accuracy of fatigue monitoring. Thermographic imaging successfully correlated nasal temperature changes with cognitive workload, demonstrating its potential as a non-invasive tool for fatigue assessment. In addition, pre-task rest was inversely related to fatigue, highlighting the importance of rest management in mitigating operator fatigue. By bridging cognitive systems engineering and socio-technical perspectives, this study provides a novel framework for fatigue assessment in safety–critical environments. The results support the integration of thermographic methods into maritime traffic management, contributing to human-centered safety technologies. Future research will explore broader applications of automated thermal analysis and additional physiological fatigue markers in high-risk industries.</p>

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Thermographic and cognitive assessment of fatigue in vessel traffic service operators: a socio-technical approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月18日

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  • F. Crestelo Moreno,
  • J. Roca González,
  • J. Suardíaz Muro,
  • R. López-Alonso

摘要

Fatigue among vessel traffic service operators (VTSOs) poses critical risks to maritime safety, requiring objective, real-time monitoring solutions. This study integrates thermographic imaging and subjective self-reports to assess fatigue and mental workload in operational environments. A total of 23 VTSOs from two Spanish Maritime Rescue Coordination Centers (MRCCs), with an average of 7.74 years of experience, were observed for 200 h. Using facial thermography, specifically nasal temperature variations, and validated psychological assessments, we analyzed the physiological and cognitive effects of shift work. Results show that night shifts significantly increase fatigue, with a 15% increase in perceived exertion and a 2 °C decrease in nasal temperature. Automated face recognition via YOLO5Face facilitated real-time thermographic analysis, improving the accuracy of fatigue monitoring. Thermographic imaging successfully correlated nasal temperature changes with cognitive workload, demonstrating its potential as a non-invasive tool for fatigue assessment. In addition, pre-task rest was inversely related to fatigue, highlighting the importance of rest management in mitigating operator fatigue. By bridging cognitive systems engineering and socio-technical perspectives, this study provides a novel framework for fatigue assessment in safety–critical environments. The results support the integration of thermographic methods into maritime traffic management, contributing to human-centered safety technologies. Future research will explore broader applications of automated thermal analysis and additional physiological fatigue markers in high-risk industries.