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<p>The intensification of the urban heat island effect as a consequence of global warming represents a considerable threat to urban populations, elevating the risk of heat exposure. Studies have investigated the effects of urbanization or greening on heat exposure, while the mitigation of seasonal greening and its interactions with urban typologies at the community level is still understudied. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the variation in urban heat island effect and heat exposure risk across cities, and how urban greening mitigates the adverse effects of urbanization. Using interpretable machine learning models and remote sensing data from eight different US cities in 2020, the study found that urban heat exposure risk is strongly related to the urban heat island effect and is significantly pronounced in summer and fall. There are seasonal differences in the risk reduction associated with urban greening, suggesting that it should take into account the seasonality of vegetation growth. Particular attention should be paid to green spaces and tree canopy height, as these have the best mitigation effects. Taken together, the study examines the impact of urbanization on heat exposure and its interaction with green spaces, with the aim of providing actionable insights for effective landscape strategies that can mitigate urban heat exposure.</p>

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Assessing the seasonal mitigation of urban heat exposure risks raised by urbanization through greening strategies in eight US cities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Xinyue Gu,
  • Liyue Zhang

摘要

The intensification of the urban heat island effect as a consequence of global warming represents a considerable threat to urban populations, elevating the risk of heat exposure. Studies have investigated the effects of urbanization or greening on heat exposure, while the mitigation of seasonal greening and its interactions with urban typologies at the community level is still understudied. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the variation in urban heat island effect and heat exposure risk across cities, and how urban greening mitigates the adverse effects of urbanization. Using interpretable machine learning models and remote sensing data from eight different US cities in 2020, the study found that urban heat exposure risk is strongly related to the urban heat island effect and is significantly pronounced in summer and fall. There are seasonal differences in the risk reduction associated with urban greening, suggesting that it should take into account the seasonality of vegetation growth. Particular attention should be paid to green spaces and tree canopy height, as these have the best mitigation effects. Taken together, the study examines the impact of urbanization on heat exposure and its interaction with green spaces, with the aim of providing actionable insights for effective landscape strategies that can mitigate urban heat exposure.