This paper develops a correspondence relating convex hulls of fractional functions with those of polynomial functions over the same domain. Using this result, we develop a number of new reformulations and relaxations for fractional programming problems. First, we relate \(0\mathord {-}1\) problems involving a ratio of affine functions with the boolean quadric polytope, and use inequalities for the latter to develop tighter formulations for the former. Second, we derive a new formulation to optimize a ratio of quadratic functions over a polytope using copositive programming. Third, we show that univariate fractional functions can be convexified using moment hulls. Fourth, we develop a new hierarchy of relaxations that converges finitely to the simultaneous convex hull of a collection of ratios of affine functions of \(0\mathord {-}1\) variables. Finally, we demonstrate theoretically and computationally that our techniques close a significant gap relative to state-of-the-art relaxations, require much less computational effort, and can solve larger problem instances.
