<p>To investigate the effects of Nd∶YAP laser-assisted periodontal therapy on masticatory function and gingival circulation indices in patients with chronic periodontitis. This retrospective cohort study included 140 patients with chronic periodontitis, admitted between May 2022 and December 2024. The patients were divided into two groups: 81 patients in the Nd: YAP laser group and 59 in the basic treatment group. The study compared treatment efficacy, periodontal parameters, masticatory function, gingival circulation, inflammatory cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and adverse reactions between the two groups. The Nd: YAP laser group showed a total effective rate of 95.06%, significantly higher than the basic treatment group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The laser group also demonstrated greater improvements in periodontal indices, masticatory function, gingival circulation, and GCF inflammatory cytokines compared to the basic treatment group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). No significant adverse reactions were observed in either group. Nd: YAP laser-assisted basic periodontal treatment can improve the treatment effect of patients with chronic periodontitis to a certain extent, effectively improve periodontal indicators and chewing function, improve gingival microcirculation, and relieve inflammatory response. There are no obvious adverse reactions during the treatment, and it is relatively safe. It can be used as one of the auxiliary treatments for chronic periodontitis.</p>