<p>Dyscalculia is a specific learning disorder characterized by persistent difficulties in mathematical skills. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of tPBM in treating numerical domains of dyscalculia, including number sense, calculation, mathematical reasoning, and general cognitive skills such as visuospatial memory and phonological processing in children. Twenty children aged 6 to 11 diagnosed with dyscalculia were randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving tPBM or a control group. The intervention consisted of eight sessions over three weeks, utilizing a super-luminous multi-LED array emitting near-infrared light. To measure cognitive and mathematical performance, the KeyMath Diagnostic Assessment, Corsi block-tapping test, and Wechsler Supplementary Index Scales were used for pre-test, post-test, and follow-up assessments after one month. The characteristics of the intervention and control groups were assessed using the unpaired Mann-Whitney test. Compared to the control group, the intervention group exhibited significant improvements in number sense, calculation, mathematical reasoning, and visuospatial working memory. Improvements in phonological processing were also recorded, although the results were less conclusive. The findings suggest that tPBM alleviate symptoms of dyscalculia by enhancing specific and general cognitive skills. While the direct impact on mathematical learning requires further exploration, tPBM presents a promising, non-invasive therapeutic option for children with learning disabilities. Larger randomized controlled trials are recommended to validate these results and optimize treatment protocols.</p>