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<p>Fish and shrimp processing wastes were converted into hydrochars (FHC and SHC, respectively) via hydrothermal carbonization (240&#xa0;°C, 6&#xa0;h, water-to-biomass ratio = 7) and evaluated as adsorbents for three target pharmaceuticals: acetaminophen, doxycycline hyclate, and tetracycline. FHC exhibited a BET surface area of 65 ± 0.6 m<sup>2</sup>/g versus 18 ± 0.4 m<sup>2</sup>/g for SHC. At an adsorbent dose of 16&#xa0;g/L, equilibrium adsorption capacities (q<sub>e</sub>) ranged from 0.8 to 3.9&#xa0;mg/g. Surface-normalized uptake differentiated adsorbent performance more clearly: SHC showed the highest affinity for acetaminophen (738&#xa0;nmol/m<sup>2</sup>), whereas FHC achieved the greatest uptake for tetracycline (152&#xa0;nmol/m<sup>2</sup>). Kinetic modeling via pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), and Two-PFO models revealed that adsorption selectivity was governed by the interplay between pharmaceutical polarity and hydrochar surface chemistry rather than by surface area alone. DFT calculations and FTIR analysis identified distinct mechanisms linked to oxygenated functional groups and electrostatic interactions modulated by the point of zero charge (PZC: FHC 6.7, SHC 7.4). Both materials retained performance over three regeneration cycles (FHC: 93%; SHC: 88%), supporting their viability as low-cost, bio-based adsorbents for pharmaceutical removal from wastewater.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Surface chemistry as main governing factor in the adsorption of acetaminophen, doxycycline hyclate, and tetracycline on fish and shrimp waste-derived hydrochars

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Tatwadhika Rangin Siddhartha,
  • Frederik Ronsse,
  • Philippe M. Heynderickx

摘要

Fish and shrimp processing wastes were converted into hydrochars (FHC and SHC, respectively) via hydrothermal carbonization (240 °C, 6 h, water-to-biomass ratio = 7) and evaluated as adsorbents for three target pharmaceuticals: acetaminophen, doxycycline hyclate, and tetracycline. FHC exhibited a BET surface area of 65 ± 0.6 m2/g versus 18 ± 0.4 m2/g for SHC. At an adsorbent dose of 16 g/L, equilibrium adsorption capacities (qe) ranged from 0.8 to 3.9 mg/g. Surface-normalized uptake differentiated adsorbent performance more clearly: SHC showed the highest affinity for acetaminophen (738 nmol/m2), whereas FHC achieved the greatest uptake for tetracycline (152 nmol/m2). Kinetic modeling via pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), and Two-PFO models revealed that adsorption selectivity was governed by the interplay between pharmaceutical polarity and hydrochar surface chemistry rather than by surface area alone. DFT calculations and FTIR analysis identified distinct mechanisms linked to oxygenated functional groups and electrostatic interactions modulated by the point of zero charge (PZC: FHC 6.7, SHC 7.4). Both materials retained performance over three regeneration cycles (FHC: 93%; SHC: 88%), supporting their viability as low-cost, bio-based adsorbents for pharmaceutical removal from wastewater.

Graphical Abstract