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<p>To help improve the reuse of waste batteries in electric vehicles (WBEVs) and reduce side effects, this study introduces a reward-and-penalty mechanism considering the effect of loss aversion on recycling management. Prospect theory (PT) and system dynamics (SD) are combined for the analysis, and a nonlinear function construction method based on integrated PT-SD is proposed. Introducing the concept of life value and evaluating the health benefits of recycling strategies by calculating the life value of population death, the following results are obtained: (1) Reward-and-subsidy policies can effectively increase the amount of formal recycling and disassembly from WBEVs; however, their influence on the side effects of waste battery pollution and the life value of population death is limited. (2) Penalty policies can reduce the amount of informal recycling from WBEVs and suppress the sustained growth of side effects, but their effect on the amount of formal waste battery recycling and reuse is relatively weak. (3) The linkage of the reward-and-penalty mechanism has a “ceiling effect.” Compared with the benchmark scenario, the rate of side effects decreases by about 99.71%, and WBEV reuse increases by approximately 12 times. However, there is a fading effect on the life value of population death.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Reward-and-penalty strategy for promoting new-energy vehicle battery recycling: a prospect theory and system dynamics approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月2日

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  • Haiping Yu,
  • Hebing Liu,
  • Junping Shang,
  • Wenhai Wang,
  • Shuwei Jia,
  • Jianjun Zhang

摘要

To help improve the reuse of waste batteries in electric vehicles (WBEVs) and reduce side effects, this study introduces a reward-and-penalty mechanism considering the effect of loss aversion on recycling management. Prospect theory (PT) and system dynamics (SD) are combined for the analysis, and a nonlinear function construction method based on integrated PT-SD is proposed. Introducing the concept of life value and evaluating the health benefits of recycling strategies by calculating the life value of population death, the following results are obtained: (1) Reward-and-subsidy policies can effectively increase the amount of formal recycling and disassembly from WBEVs; however, their influence on the side effects of waste battery pollution and the life value of population death is limited. (2) Penalty policies can reduce the amount of informal recycling from WBEVs and suppress the sustained growth of side effects, but their effect on the amount of formal waste battery recycling and reuse is relatively weak. (3) The linkage of the reward-and-penalty mechanism has a “ceiling effect.” Compared with the benchmark scenario, the rate of side effects decreases by about 99.71%, and WBEV reuse increases by approximately 12 times. However, there is a fading effect on the life value of population death.

Graphical Abstract