<p>Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs) provide a holistic approach to the long-term development, operation, and management of Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) systems. This study focuses on the factors that influence the preference for PPPs in managing MSWM in India as a component of the broader Millennium Development Goals. To achieve this, the research aims to develop a comprehensive framework that enhances the efficiency and long-term sustainability of PPP-based MSWM projects by systematically addressing critical success factors, barriers, and operational dynamics. The research process begins with data collection of responses from stakeholders through a structured questionnaire survey designed to cover diverse perspectives across 70 targeted questions. This provides an overview of existing sustainable practices in PPP-based MSWM projects and gathers insights from stakeholders on waste segregation and recycling procedures. Subsequently, statistical regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors influencing the sustainability and efficiency of PPP-based MSWM practices, revealing one dependent and six independent variables implemented within the PPP framework. Positive contributors and negative factors were identified, including barriers and challenges impacting sustainable outcomes. Using the insights gathered, the study presents a comprehensive framework designed to address these challenges and leverage opportunities in PPP-based MSWM projects. This framework focuses on improving long-term sustainability and operational efficiency while supporting informed decision-making for sustainable waste management practices.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>