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<p>This study introduces a validated dynamic model to optimize the performance of hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems using MXene/water nanofluid as a novel coolant. The core novelty lies in the development and field validation of a mathematical framework that accurately predicts panel temperature and efficiency by integrating the enhanced thermophysical properties of MXene nanofluids with real-time environmental variables. The model, solved numerically in MATLAB, was validated against experimental data from a PV/T setup on Qeshm Island, showing a maximum relative error of 10%. Simulations reveal that increasing the MXene nanoparticle concentration from 1.5 to 4.5&#xa0;wt.% reduces the average panel temperature. More significantly, elevating the nanofluid flow rate from 0.08 to 0.12&#xa0;m<sup>3</sup>/h proves to be a more dominant factor, enhancing the average temperature reduction from 9.89 to 11.75&#xa0;°C. Consequently, the MXene/water nanofluid maintains the PV module in its optimal operating range, enabling an electrical efficiency enhancement of up to 12.7% during peak irradiance. This work establishes MXene/water nanofluid as a highly effective cooling medium and provides a robust predictive tool for the design and optimization of high-efficiency PV/T systems.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Dynamic modeling and field validation of a hybrid PV/T system enhanced by MXene/water nanofluid: a comprehensive study on thermal regulation and efficiency improvement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月2日

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  • Amirhosein Dashtbozorg,
  • Armin Fazlinezhad,
  • Behnaz Safarianbana,
  • Mehdi Shanbedi

摘要

This study introduces a validated dynamic model to optimize the performance of hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems using MXene/water nanofluid as a novel coolant. The core novelty lies in the development and field validation of a mathematical framework that accurately predicts panel temperature and efficiency by integrating the enhanced thermophysical properties of MXene nanofluids with real-time environmental variables. The model, solved numerically in MATLAB, was validated against experimental data from a PV/T setup on Qeshm Island, showing a maximum relative error of 10%. Simulations reveal that increasing the MXene nanoparticle concentration from 1.5 to 4.5 wt.% reduces the average panel temperature. More significantly, elevating the nanofluid flow rate from 0.08 to 0.12 m3/h proves to be a more dominant factor, enhancing the average temperature reduction from 9.89 to 11.75 °C. Consequently, the MXene/water nanofluid maintains the PV module in its optimal operating range, enabling an electrical efficiency enhancement of up to 12.7% during peak irradiance. This work establishes MXene/water nanofluid as a highly effective cooling medium and provides a robust predictive tool for the design and optimization of high-efficiency PV/T systems.

Graphical Abstract