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<p>Direct, acid, and reactive dyes are carcinogenic pollutants with complex molecular structures, making their removal from industrial wastewater challenging. This study investigates the use of modified polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber waste as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of direct blue 199, reactive blue 99, and disperse red 74. Batch adsorption experiments were performed under varying conditions to evaluate removal efficiency. At an initial dye concentration of 100&#xa0;mg/L and an adsorbent dose of 0.05&#xa0;g, maximum removal efficiencies reached 96.03% for reactive blue 99 and 93.82% for disperse red 74, highlighting the strong adsorption capacity of PAN fiber waste. Equilibrium data were well-described by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models, with the Langmuir model (R<sup>2</sup> ≈ 0.9974) providing the best fit, indicating monolayer adsorption primarily via physisorption. The close agreement between experimental and predicted values validates the model accuracy. Overall, the findings demonstrate that PAN fiber waste is an effective and sustainable adsorbent for treating dye-contaminated industrial effluents.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Efficient removal of toxic direct, acid, and reactive dyes from wastewater using modified polyacrylonitrile fiber waste

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月3日

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  • Meriem Saadouni,
  • Ayoub Nadi,
  • Charafeddine Jama,
  • Abdelhafid El Haddaoui,
  • Yosra Raji,
  • Omar Cherkaoui,
  • Mohamed Tahiri

摘要

Direct, acid, and reactive dyes are carcinogenic pollutants with complex molecular structures, making their removal from industrial wastewater challenging. This study investigates the use of modified polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber waste as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of direct blue 199, reactive blue 99, and disperse red 74. Batch adsorption experiments were performed under varying conditions to evaluate removal efficiency. At an initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L and an adsorbent dose of 0.05 g, maximum removal efficiencies reached 96.03% for reactive blue 99 and 93.82% for disperse red 74, highlighting the strong adsorption capacity of PAN fiber waste. Equilibrium data were well-described by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models, with the Langmuir model (R2 ≈ 0.9974) providing the best fit, indicating monolayer adsorption primarily via physisorption. The close agreement between experimental and predicted values validates the model accuracy. Overall, the findings demonstrate that PAN fiber waste is an effective and sustainable adsorbent for treating dye-contaminated industrial effluents.

Graphical abstract