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<p>With increasing attention toward hydrogen economy, liquid hydrogen is a potential option for transporting hydrogen. However, the major bottleneck is high energy consumption of hydrogen liquefaction process (HLP). Integrating HLP with LNG regasification to recover available cold energy can significantly reduce energy consumption of HLP. Besides, recovering cold energy, LNG terminals also face challenge of effectively managing generated boil-off gas (BOG). To address these issues, two integrated process configurations are proposed. Configuration 1 integrates HLP with LNG regasification, whereas configuration 2 integrates HLP with LNG regasification and BOG management. A simulation-based optimization framework is developed to minimize specific energy consumption (SEC) of proposed configurations. Depending on LNG terminal conditions, SEC for configuration 1 ranges from 4.627–4.818 kWh/kg-LH<sub>2</sub>, which is lower than values reported in existing studies. However, BOG management is not addressed in configuration 1 or in existing literature. Thus, configuration 2 emerges as the recommended integrated process that simultaneously liquefies hydrogen and manage BOG using LNG cold energy. SEC for configuration 2 ranges from 5.168–6.012 kWh/kg-LH<sub>2</sub> for different LNG terminal conditions, thereby resulting in about 17.84% energy savings over the most energy efficient HLP reported in the literature. Furthermore, exergy efficiency of configuration 2 ranges from 50.68–58.96%, which also exceeds values reported in previous HLP studies. Results obtained from case studies show that LNG and BOG compositions have minimal impact, while LNG regasification pressure and BOG amount significantly affect SEC. The proposed HLP synergistically utilizes LNG cold energy, thereby enhancing sustainability of LNG value chain and hydrogen economy.</p>

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Design and optimization of hydrogen liquefaction process integrated with LNG cold energy recovery and boil-off gas management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月3日

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  • Malayanur Srilekha,
  • Pratishtha Yashwantrao Bahirat,
  • Arnab Dutta

摘要

With increasing attention toward hydrogen economy, liquid hydrogen is a potential option for transporting hydrogen. However, the major bottleneck is high energy consumption of hydrogen liquefaction process (HLP). Integrating HLP with LNG regasification to recover available cold energy can significantly reduce energy consumption of HLP. Besides, recovering cold energy, LNG terminals also face challenge of effectively managing generated boil-off gas (BOG). To address these issues, two integrated process configurations are proposed. Configuration 1 integrates HLP with LNG regasification, whereas configuration 2 integrates HLP with LNG regasification and BOG management. A simulation-based optimization framework is developed to minimize specific energy consumption (SEC) of proposed configurations. Depending on LNG terminal conditions, SEC for configuration 1 ranges from 4.627–4.818 kWh/kg-LH2, which is lower than values reported in existing studies. However, BOG management is not addressed in configuration 1 or in existing literature. Thus, configuration 2 emerges as the recommended integrated process that simultaneously liquefies hydrogen and manage BOG using LNG cold energy. SEC for configuration 2 ranges from 5.168–6.012 kWh/kg-LH2 for different LNG terminal conditions, thereby resulting in about 17.84% energy savings over the most energy efficient HLP reported in the literature. Furthermore, exergy efficiency of configuration 2 ranges from 50.68–58.96%, which also exceeds values reported in previous HLP studies. Results obtained from case studies show that LNG and BOG compositions have minimal impact, while LNG regasification pressure and BOG amount significantly affect SEC. The proposed HLP synergistically utilizes LNG cold energy, thereby enhancing sustainability of LNG value chain and hydrogen economy.