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<p>The transition to renewable energy is a global imperative for achieving sustainable development and mitigating climate change. However, the pace of this transition is often challenged by the complex interplay of environmental policies, volatile oil market dynamics, and research and development (R&amp;D). Utilizing a panel dataset from 1990 to 2020, we employ a fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) technique to examine how these factors affect renewable energy generation, consumption, and comprehensive energy transition in G10 countries. The study’s major findings reveal that global climate policy uncertainties increase renewable energy consumption and accelerate the energy transition but hinder renewable energy generation. Domestic stringent environmental policies promote renewable energy consumption and transition, and are associated with a decline in generation. Higher oil supply negatively impacts energy consumption, generation, and transition, while oil price fluctuations positively affect renewable energy consumption but negatively affect its generation. Rising aggregate demand is found to reduce both renewable energy consumption and the pace of energy transition. R&amp;D supports energy consumption, generation, and transition. The study concludes that a balanced approach, combining stringent adaptable environmental policies, economic stability, and innovation-driven R&amp;D, is critical for a successful energy transition. Policymakers should focus on creating a supportive framework that includes incentives for R&amp;D, demand-side subsidies, and flexible environmental standards to strengthen the renewable energy transition.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Impact of environmental policies, oil market dynamics, and R&D on renewable energy generation, consumption, and transition

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月14日

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  • Shahzad Alvi,
  • Ruba Aljarallah,
  • Tapan Sarker,
  • Mehboob Ul Hassan,
  • Muhammad Khalid Anser

摘要

The transition to renewable energy is a global imperative for achieving sustainable development and mitigating climate change. However, the pace of this transition is often challenged by the complex interplay of environmental policies, volatile oil market dynamics, and research and development (R&D). Utilizing a panel dataset from 1990 to 2020, we employ a fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) technique to examine how these factors affect renewable energy generation, consumption, and comprehensive energy transition in G10 countries. The study’s major findings reveal that global climate policy uncertainties increase renewable energy consumption and accelerate the energy transition but hinder renewable energy generation. Domestic stringent environmental policies promote renewable energy consumption and transition, and are associated with a decline in generation. Higher oil supply negatively impacts energy consumption, generation, and transition, while oil price fluctuations positively affect renewable energy consumption but negatively affect its generation. Rising aggregate demand is found to reduce both renewable energy consumption and the pace of energy transition. R&D supports energy consumption, generation, and transition. The study concludes that a balanced approach, combining stringent adaptable environmental policies, economic stability, and innovation-driven R&D, is critical for a successful energy transition. Policymakers should focus on creating a supportive framework that includes incentives for R&D, demand-side subsidies, and flexible environmental standards to strengthen the renewable energy transition.

Graphical Abstract