<p>Environmental audits are planned and performed to provide detailed information on current environmental management practices and employ effective proactive measures to minimize pollution. Today, the well-being of our environment is of utmost importance, and the environmental audit is a crucial step towards conserving our environment from further degradation. The environmental audit assesses critical factors such as mass and energy balance, waste generation and disposal practices, air emissions monitoring, and water management. The paper focuses on different aspects of the fertilizers production industry, such as the Environment Health and Safety (EHS) practices, mass and energy balance of different plant sections dedicated to producing urea, ammonia, NPK-A and NPK-B fertilizer, waste generation and disposal practices, air emission data monitoring, and water management by studying the fertilizers production plant. It includes all the aspects of environmental audit—air, water, waste, and energy. The on-site and off-site observations of the authors presented in the subsequent sections (from the various locations air quality measurements) offer their suggestions to improve the existing performance of the production plant. The case study explains the contribution of environmental audits by identifying inefficiencies and environmental risks and provides actionable recommendations to enhance sustainable practices within industrial operations.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>